Rosa woodsii

Woods' Rose

Flickr photo 'western wildrose, Rosa woodsii' by: Jim Morefield.

Flickr photo 'H20121114-5989—Rosa woodsii—RPBG' by: John Rusk.

Flickr photo 'Rosa woodsii' by: Elaine with Grey Cats.

Flickr photos above were identified by the individual photographers but not reviewed by EoPS. Contact us to report errors.

Species group: Plants

Data Sources

Classification

Kingdom:

Plantae

Phylum:

Anthophyta

Class:

Dicotyledoneae

Order:

Rosales

Family:

Rosaceae

Genus:

Rosa

Encyclopedia of Life

For more info, visit:

Source:
http://eol.org/pages/623793/details

Distribution
Morphology
Habitat
General Ecology
Cyclicity
Conservation Status
Management

Distribution

States or Provinces

(key to state/province abbreviations)
UNITED STATES AK AZ CA CO ID IA KS MN MT NE NV NM ND OK OR SD TX UT WA WI WY
CANADA AB BC MB NT NU ON SK YK

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States

More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS [26]:

1 Northern Pacific Border

2 Cascade mountains

3 Southern Pacific Border

4 Sierra mountains

5 Columbia Plateau

6 Upper Basin and Range

7 Lower Basin and Range

8 Northern Rocky mountains

9 Middle Rocky mountains

10 Wyoming Basin

11 Southern Rocky mountains

12 Colorado Plateau

13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont

14 Great Plains

15 Black Hills Uplift

16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands

References:

26. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/

Distribution

Wood's rose has a contiguous distribution. It occurs from California north to Alaska, east to Ontario, and south to Wisconsin and Texas [4,58,66,67,68,90,92,107,110,111,114,123,124,135, 136,166,181,203,223,225,234,238]. Rosa woodsii var. glabrata is found in California [123]. Tehachapi rose occurs in California and Nevada [123,124]. Interior rose occurs from California north to British Columbia, east to Saskatchewan, and south to New Mexico [107,110,111,123,124,238]. Rosa woodsii var. woodsii occurs from Arizona north to Alaska, east to Ontario, and south Wisconsin and Texas [110,111,114,121,123]. Plants Database provides a distributional map of Wood's rose and its infrataxa.

References:

238. Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C., eds. 1987. A Utah flora. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoir No. 9. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. 894 p. [2944]
4. Anderson, J. P. 1959. Flora of Alaska and adjacent parts of Canada. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. 543 p. [9928]
92. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]
136. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central Montana--identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-227. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 648 p. [13798]
107. Hickman, James C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1400 p. [21992]
58. Cronquist, Arthur; Holmgren, Noel H.; Holmgren, Patricia K. 1997. Intermountain flora: Vascular plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Vol. 3, Part A: Subclass Rosidae (except Fabales). New York: The New York Botanical Garden. 446 p. [28652]
66. Dorn, Robert D. 1977. Flora of the Black Hills. Cheyenne, WY: Robert D. Dorn and Jane L. Dorn. 377 p. [820]
67. Dorn, Robert D. 1984. Vascular plants of Montana. Cheyenne, WY: Mountain West Publishing. 276 p. [819]
68. Dorn, Robert D. 1988. Vascular plants of Wyoming. Cheyenne, WY: Mountain West Publishing. 340 p. [6129]
90. Goodrich, Sherel; Neese, Elizabeth. 1986. Uinta Basin flora. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ashley National Forest; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Vernal District. 320 p. [23307]
110. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1961. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 3: Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 614 p. [1167]
111. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 730 p. [1168]
114. Hultén, Eric. 1968. Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 1008 p. [13403]
121. Jones, Stanley D.; Wipff, Joseph K.; Montgomery, Paul M. 1997. Vascular plants of Texas. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 404 p. [28762]
135. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1986. Plants of west-central Montana--identification and ecology: annotated checklist. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-217. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 128 p. [2955]
166. Mozingo, Hugh N. 1987. Shrubs of the Great Basin: A natural history. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press. 342 p. [1702]
181. Powell, A. Michael. 1988. Trees and shrubs of Trans-Pecos Texas: Including Big Bend and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks. Big Bend National Park, TX: Big Bend Natural History Association. 536 p. [6130]
203. Stephens, H. A. 1973. Woody plants of the North Central Plains. Lawrence, KS: The University Press of Kansas. 530 p. [3804]
223. Viereck, Leslie A.; Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1972. Alaska trees and shrubs. Agric. Handb. 410. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 265 p. [6884]
225. Vines, Robert A. 1960. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of the Southwest. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 1104 p. [7707]
234. Weber, William A. 1987. Colorado flora: western slope. Boulder, CO: Colorado Associated University Press. 530 p. [7706]
123. Kartesz, John T.; Meacham, Christopher A. 1999. Synthesis of the North American flora (Windows Version 1.0), [CD-ROM]. Available: North Carolina Botanical Garden. In cooperation with: The Nature Conservancy, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [2001, January 16]. [36715]
124. Kartesz, John Thomas. 1988. A flora of Nevada. Reno, NV: University of Nevada. 1729 p. [In 2 volumes]. Dissertation. [42426]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/

Morphology

Description

More info for the terms: root crown, shrub, shrubs

This description provides characteristics that may be relevant to fire ecology, and is not meant for identification. Keys for identification are available (e.g. [4,58,90,92,110,111,124,135,136,168,169,181,203,223,225,238]).

Wood's rose is a native perennial shrub, usually forming dense thickets [203,211,223,236]. Wood's rose grows to a height of 3 to 10 feet (1-3 m) [4,92,136,223,238] and attains maximum height within 10 years from initiation of growth [95]. Rosa woodsii var. woodsii grows to a height no greater than 3 feet (1 m) [110,111]. The stems of Wood's rose are covered with curved thorns from 3 to 6 mm long [110,211,223]. Wood's rose leaves are alternate [223,238], 0.5 to 5 inches (1.5-13 cm) long, and 0.1 to 1 inch (0.4-2.5 cm) wide [223,238]. Each leaf is composed of 5 to 9 leaflets up to 2 inches (5 cm) long and 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide [110,136,223]. The leaflets of Tehachapi rose and R. w. var. woodsii are generally smaller, from 0.4 to 0.8 inch (1-2 cm) long [110,111,124].

The inflorescence of Wood's rose is few-flowered and may be solitary [90,211,238]. Wood's rose flowers are 5-petaled, 0.5 to 0.75 inch (1.5-2 cm) long [90,223,238]. Wood's rose hips occur in clusters [90,238] and are 0.25 to 0.5 inch (0.75-1.5 cm) long and wide [110,223]. The fruits of Wood's rose are achenes contained within the rose hip [92,110,211]. Each rose hip contains from 15 to 35 achenes [92,110,211] which are approximately 3 to 4 mm long [211,223] and weigh roughly 9.0 mg [161].

While the root crown of Wood's rose is relatively shallow [95,100,199], root points reach deep into the soil [147,171]. The rooting depth of Wood's rose was studied in the Lubrecht Experimental Forest, 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Missoula, Montana. Two sites were chosen, both of which were dominated by interior ponderosa pine and Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca). Site 1 was also codominated by western larch (Larix occidentalis). Both sites 1 and 2 are modal Gray Wooded soils characterized by a leached A2 horizon overlying a strongly alluviated B2t horizon. At site 1, Wood's rose roots reached a depth of at least 4 feet (1.2 m), but did not reach to 5 feet (1.5 m). At site 2, Wood's rose roots reached a depth of 6 feet (1.8 m) [171]. On the western foothills of the Teton Mountains near Victor, Idaho, Wood's rose shrubs root to a depth of 3 feet (1 m) or greater [147].

In western U.S. arid and semiarid riparian areas, interior rose is intermediately tolerant of seasonal flooding. Intermediately tolerant is defined as "species which are able to survive flooding for periods between 1 to 3 months during the growing season. The root systems of these plants may produce few new roots or will be dormant during the flooded period" [232].

References:

238. Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C., eds. 1987. A Utah flora. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoir No. 9. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. 894 p. [2944]
4. Anderson, J. P. 1959. Flora of Alaska and adjacent parts of Canada. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. 543 p. [9928]
92. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]
136. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central Montana--identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-227. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 648 p. [13798]
58. Cronquist, Arthur; Holmgren, Noel H.; Holmgren, Patricia K. 1997. Intermountain flora: Vascular plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Vol. 3, Part A: Subclass Rosidae (except Fabales). New York: The New York Botanical Garden. 446 p. [28652]
90. Goodrich, Sherel; Neese, Elizabeth. 1986. Uinta Basin flora. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ashley National Forest; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Vernal District. 320 p. [23307]
95. Haeussler, S.; Coates, D.; Mather, J. 1990. Autecology of common plants in British Columbia: A literature review. Economic and Regional Development Agreement: FRDA Report 158. Victoria, BC: Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch. 272 p. [18033]
100. Hansen, Paul; Boggs, Keith; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in central and eastern Montana. Draft Version 2. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 279 p. [12477]
110. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1961. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 3: Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 614 p. [1167]
111. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 730 p. [1168]
135. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1986. Plants of west-central Montana--identification and ecology: annotated checklist. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-217. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 128 p. [2955]
147. Major, J.; Rejmanek, M. 1992. Amelanchier alnifolia vegetation in eastern Idaho, USA and its environmental relationships. Vegetatio. 98: 141-156. [19831]
168. Munz, Philip A. 1973. A California flora and supplement. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1905 p. [6155]
169. Munz, Philip A. 1974. A flora of southern California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1086 p. [4924]
171. Nimlos, Thomas J.; Van Meter, Wayne P.; Daniels, Lewis A. 1968. Rooting patterns of forest understory species as determined by radioiodine absorption. Ecology. 49(6): 1145-1151. [4120]
181. Powell, A. Michael. 1988. Trees and shrubs of Trans-Pecos Texas: Including Big Bend and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks. Big Bend National Park, TX: Big Bend Natural History Association. 536 p. [6130]
199. Shaw, Nancy L.; Monsen, Stephen B.; Stevens, Richard. 2004. Rosaceous shrubs. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Stevens, Richard; Shaw, Nancy L. Restoring western ranges and wildlands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-136-vol-2. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 539-596. [52845]
203. Stephens, H. A. 1973. Woody plants of the North Central Plains. Lawrence, KS: The University Press of Kansas. 530 p. [3804]
211. Stubbendieck, James; Hatch, Stephan L.; Butterfield, Charles H. 1992. North American range plants. 4th ed. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 493 p. [25162]
223. Viereck, Leslie A.; Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1972. Alaska trees and shrubs. Agric. Handb. 410. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 265 p. [6884]
225. Vines, Robert A. 1960. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of the Southwest. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 1104 p. [7707]
232. Walters, M. Alice; Teskey, Robert O.; Hinckley, Thomas M. 1980. Impact of water level changes on woody riparian and wetland communities. Volume VII: Mediterranean Region; Western Arid and Semi-Arid Region. Biological Services Program: FWS/OBS-78/93. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 84 p. [52899]
236. Welch, Bruce L. 2004. Rosa woodsii. In: Francis, John K., ed. Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories: thamnic descriptions: volume 1. Gen. Tech. Rep. IITF-GTR-26. San Juan, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry; Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 649-651. [52242]
124. Kartesz, John Thomas. 1988. A flora of Nevada. Reno, NV: University of Nevada. 1729 p. [In 2 volumes]. Dissertation. [42426]
161. Meyer, Susan E. [In press]. Rosa L. -- rose, briar [Online]. In: Bonner, Franklin T.; Nisley, Rebecca G.; Karrfait, R. P.; coords. Woody plant seed manual. Agric. Handbook 727. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (Producer). Available: http://www.nsl.fs.fed.us/wpsm/Rosa.pdf [2006, June 13]. [62281]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/

Habitat

Habitat characteristics

More info for the term: ecotype

Wood's rose prefers south-facing slopes [174]. It occurs on dry slopes [114], streambanks [25,47,78,92,99,124,219,238], open woods [124], hillsides [124], washes [124], waterways [90], irrigation canals [238], marshlands [238], lakeshores [238], hillsides [238], rocky prairie ravines [92,181], open woodlands [92], roadsides [92], and canyons [181].

Within the broader site characteristics, Wood's rose infrataxa have individual preferences. Rosa woodsii var. woodsii occurs in plains and prairie ecotypes [110]. Interior rose occurs primarily in the cordilleran ecotype [110]. Rosa woodsii var. glabrata is found in moist places, generally about springs [168,169]. Tehachapi rose prefers dry slopes [168,169].

Air Pollution: Wood's rose is very sensitive to sulfur dioxide (SO2) air pollution. Wood's rose plants located in a narrowleaf cottonwood community in New Mexico and Utah at an elevation of 6,500 to 7,500 feet (2,000-2,300 m) were subjected to 6 different levels of SO2 (see below). The higher rate of injury at 6.0 ppm compared to 10.0 ppm may be due to the number of replications. The following Table describes the average percent injury to Wood's rose plants by SO2 pollution. The value in parentheses is the number of replications [108].

SO2 level 0.5 ppm 1.0 ppm 2.0 ppm 4.0 ppm 6.0 ppm 10.0 ppm % injury No data 0 (6) 1 (3) 15 (5) 90 (2) 60 (1)

Climate: Wood's rose prefers moderate climates; however, it will grow in alpine environments [95]. In the Great Basin and Great Plains of the United States, Wood's rose grows where climatic conditions are characterized by cold winters with moderate snowfall and late spring rainfall. Summers are typically hot and dry, coupled with a high evaporation rate [46,74,104]. Wood's rose is seldom found in areas where there is less than 10 inches (260 mm) of annual rainfall [81,95,218].

Detailed climatic data for Alton and Emery coal fields in southwestern Utah, for the 6-year period when Wood's rose was used to revegetate the sites, can be found in the publication by Ferguson and Frischknecht [82].

Elevation: Wood's rose occurs naturally at elevations ranging from 3,500 to 11,640 feet (1,060-3,550 m) [95,218,236]. Elevation ranges for Wood's rose are presented below:

State Elevational range Arizona 1,400 to 8,000 feet [41,83] California Up to 10,000 feet [51,209] Colorado 3,500 to 9,000 feet [101] Montana 2,800 to 9,000 feet [30,136] Nebraska 2,500 to 4,500 feet [217] New Mexico Up to 8,200 feet [97] Oregon 3,700 to 8,000 feet [42,78] South Dakota 2,500 to 7,200 feet [104] Texas 5,500 to 6,000 feet [181] Utah 2,800 to 11,000 feet [90,238] Washington 2,000 to 6,300 feet [63] Wyoming 4,500 to 11,500 feet [196]

In an elevational gradient study of northern Arizona, interior rose only occurred on south-facing slopes at 7,000 feet (2,130 m), but occurred on both south- and north-facing slopes at 8,000 feet (2,440 m) [83].

Riparian areas: Wood's rose is a facultative upland species, meaning that it usually occurs in nonwetland habitats, but may be found in wetlands (1-33% probability) [100].

Soils: Wood's rose is adapted to a wide range of soil types [81,95,100,218,236]. It generally grows best on moderately fertile, well-drained clay loam, sandy loam, or sandy soil [2,74,95,185,236]. Soil orders in which Wood's rose is normally found included Inceptisols, Entisols, and/or Mollisols [95]. Wood's rose is tolerant of moderately acid to weakly basic soils. Wood's rose prefer soils with a pH of 5.6 to 7.0 [95,236].

A detailed soil analysis of 2 small watersheds in Utah's Wasatch Mountains, where Wood's rose grows, can be found in the publication by Johnston and Doty [120].

Wood's rose is a subdominant species (Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) is the dominant species) on south-facing slopes of Cold Canyon in the Wasatch Mountains, Utah. In late spring, the soil moisture level at 3 depths (6, 12, and 18 inches (15, 30, and 45 cm)) was 21.75%, 18.5%, and 14.25%, respectively [174].

References:

238. Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C., eds. 1987. A Utah flora. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoir No. 9. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. 894 p. [2944]
92. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]
136. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central Montana--identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-227. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 648 p. [13798]
99. Hansen, Paul L.; Chadde, Steve W.; Pfister, Robert D. 1988. Riparian dominance types of Montana. Misc. Publ. No. 49. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station. 411 p. [5660]
2. Akashi, Yoshiko. 1988. Riparian vegetation dynamics along the Bighorn River, Wyoming. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming. 245 p. Thesis. [39266]
25. Beever, Erik A.; Pyke, David A.; Chambers, Jeanne C.; Landau, Fred; Smith, Stanley D. 2005. Monitoring temporal change in riparian vegetation of Great Basin National Park. Western North American Naturalist. 65(3): 382-402. [61326]
30. Boggs, Keith; Hansen, Paul; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in northwestern Montana. Draft Version 1. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 217 p. [8447]
41. Campbell, C. J.; Green, Win. 1968. Perpetual succession of stream-channel vegetation in a semiarid region. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science. 5(2): 86-90. [53565]
42. Case, Richard L.; Kauffman, J. Boone. 1997. Wild ungulate influences on the recovery of willows, black cottonwood, and thin-leaf alder following cessation of cattle grazing in northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science. 71(2): 115-126. [27671]
46. Clarke, S. E.; Tisdale, E. W.; Skoglund, N. A. 1943. The effects of climate and grazing practices on short-grass prairie vegetation in southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan. Tech. Bull. No. 46. Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Dominion, Department of Agriculture. 53 p. [635]
47. Clary, Warren P.; Medin, Dean E. 1990. Differences in vegetation biomass and structure due to cattle grazing in a northern Nevada riparian ecosystem. Res. Pap. INT-427. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 8 p. [15531]
51. Conrad, C. Eugene. 1987. Common shrubs of chaparral and associated ecosystems of southern California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-99. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 86 p. [4209]
63. del Moral, Roger; Watson, Alan F. 1978. Gradient structure of forest vegetation in the central Washington Cascades. Vegetatio. 38(1): 29-48. [8800]
74. Ehleringer, James R.; Arnow, Lois A.; Arnow, Ted; McNulty, Irving B.; Negus, Norman C. 1992. Red Butte Canyon Research Natural Area: history, flora, geology, climate, and ecology. The Great Basin Naturalist. 52(2): 95-121. [19687]
78. Evenden, Angela G. 1989. Ecology and distribution of riparian vegetation in the Trout Creek Mountains of southeastern Oregon. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 156 p. Dissertation. [10231]
81. Ferguson, Robert B. 1983. Use of rosaceous shrubs for wildland plantings in the Intermountain West. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Shaw, Nancy, comps. Managing Intermountain rangelands--improvement of range and wildlife habitats; Proceedings of symposia; 1981 September 15-17; Twin Falls, ID; 1982 June 22-24; Elko, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-157. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 136-149. [915]
82. Ferguson, Robert B.; Frischknecht, Neil C. 1985. Reclamation on Utah's Emery and Alton coal fields: techniques and plant materials. Res. Pap. INT-335. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 78 p. [917]
83. Fernandes, G. Wilson. 1992. A gradient analysis of plant forms from northern Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science. 24-25: 21-30. [18248]
90. Goodrich, Sherel; Neese, Elizabeth. 1986. Uinta Basin flora. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ashley National Forest; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Vernal District. 320 p. [23307]
95. Haeussler, S.; Coates, D.; Mather, J. 1990. Autecology of common plants in British Columbia: A literature review. Economic and Regional Development Agreement: FRDA Report 158. Victoria, BC: Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch. 272 p. [18033]
97. Hanks, Jess P.; Dick-Peddie, W. A. 1974. Vegetation patterns of the White Mountains, New Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist. 18(4): 371-382. [4635]
100. Hansen, Paul; Boggs, Keith; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in central and eastern Montana. Draft Version 2. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 279 p. [12477]
101. Harrington, H. D. 1964. Manual of the plants of Colorado. 2d ed. Chicago: The Swallow Press, Inc. 666 p. [6851]
104. Hayward, Herman E. 1928. Studies of plants in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Botanical Gazette. 85(4): 353-412. [1110]
108. Hill, A. Clyde; Hill, Steven; Lamb, Connie; Barrett, Thomas W. 1974. Sensitivity of native desert vegetation to SO2 and to SO2 and NO2 combined. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. 24(2): 153-157. [54092]
110. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1961. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 3: Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 614 p. [1167]
114. Hultén, Eric. 1968. Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 1008 p. [13403]
120. Johnston, Robert S.; Doty, Robert D. 1972. Description and hydrologic analysis of two small watersheds in Utah's Wasatch Mountains. Res. Pap. INT-127. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 53 p. [8189]
168. Munz, Philip A. 1973. A California flora and supplement. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1905 p. [6155]
169. Munz, Philip A. 1974. A flora of southern California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1086 p. [4924]
174. Ostler, William K.; Buchanan, Hayle. 1973. The effects of slope exposure on plant communities. Proceedings, Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. 50(2): 58-63. [42486]
181. Powell, A. Michael. 1988. Trees and shrubs of Trans-Pecos Texas: Including Big Bend and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks. Big Bend National Park, TX: Big Bend Natural History Association. 536 p. [6130]
185. Redmann, Robert E.; Schwarz, Arthur G. 1986. Dry grassland plant communities in Wood Buffalo National Park, Alberta. The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 100(4): 526-532. [4030]
196. Selmants, Paul C.; Knight, Dennis H. 2003. Understory plant species composition 30-50 years after clearcutting in southeastern Wyoming coniferous forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 185: 275-289. [46096]
209. Stromberg, Juliet C.; Patten, Duncan T. 1992. Mortality and age of black cottonwood stands along diverted and undiverted streams in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Madrono. 39(3): 205-223. [19148]
217. Tolstead, W. L. 1947. Woodlands in northeastern Nebraska. Ecology. 28(2): 180-188. [18408]
218. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 1976. Some important native shrubs of the West. Ogden, UT. 16 p. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [2388]
219. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1937. Range plant handbook. Washington, DC. 532 p. [2387]
236. Welch, Bruce L. 2004. Rosa woodsii. In: Francis, John K., ed. Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories: thamnic descriptions: volume 1. Gen. Tech. Rep. IITF-GTR-26. San Juan, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry; Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 649-651. [52242]
124. Kartesz, John Thomas. 1988. A flora of Nevada. Reno, NV: University of Nevada. 1729 p. [In 2 volumes]. Dissertation. [42426]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/

Key Plant Community Associations

More info for the term: codominant

Wood's rose is described as a dominant species in the following locations and vegetation
classifications:

United States

CA:

Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains (codominant with black cottonwood (Populus
balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa)) [102]

CO:

East River Valley (monotypic) [138]

ID:

Riparian areas in the eastern part of the state (monotypic) [96]

Riparian reference areas (codominant with white alder (Alnus rhombifolia),
black cottonwood, yellow willow (Salix lutea) and monotypic communities) [117]

Teton Creek Mitigation Site (codominant with Douglas hawthorn (Crataegus douglasii)) [117]

Hixon Sharptail (codominant with Douglas hawthorn) [117]

Lower Little Wood River (codominant with narrowleaf willow (S. exigua)) [117]

MT:

Temporarily flooded cold-deciduous shrubland (monotypic) [193]

Lower Yellowstone River (codominant with western snowberry (Symphoricarpos
occidentalis)) [29]

Riparian/wetlands sites in the northwestern part of the state (monotypic) [30]

Low to mid-elevation riparian sites throughout the state (monotypic) [99]

Pryor Mountains (monotypic) [152]

ND:

Little Missouri River (codominant with green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
and western snowberry) [88].

NM:

Pecos and Rio Grande basins (codominant with blue spruce (Picea pungens)
and thinleaf alder (A. incana ssp. tenuifolia)) [167]

NV:

Mill Creek (codominant with arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis) and basin
big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata)) [28]

Toiyabe, Santa Rosa, East Humboldt, White Pine, and Schell Creek ranges
(codominant with quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)) [148,149]

Ruby and Spring mountains and Toiyabe, Monitor, White Pine, and Grant ranges
(codominant with black cottonwood, narrowleaf cottonwood (P. angustifolia), and lanceleaf
cottonwood (Populus Ã acuminata)) [148,149]

Jarbridge, Mahogany, and Toiyabe ranges (codominant with Kentucky bluegrass (Poa
pratensis)) [148]

Monitor and Toiyabe ranges (codominant with blueberry willow (S.
myrtillifolia)) [148]

Independence and Toiyabe ranges (codominant with narrowleaf willow) [148]

East Humboldt, Independence, Jarbridge, and Toiyabe ranges (codominant with
willows (Salix ssp.)) [148,149]

White Pine, Grant-Canyon, Schell Creek, Carson, Toiyabe ranges and Jarbridge and
Spring mountains (monotypic) [149]

Schell Creek Range (codominant with chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)) [149]

Sweetwater, Santa Rosa, Toiyabe, Monitor, Mahogany, East Humboldt, Jarbridge,
Wildhorse, Schell Creek, and White Pine ranges (codominant with yellow willow) [149]

Monitor, Toiyabe, Santa Rosa, and White Pine ranges and Bald and Independence
mountains (codominant with narrowleaf willow) [149]

Quinn-Canyon, Grant, and Santa Rosa ranges and Spring Mountains (codominant with
arroyo willow) [149]

Great Basin National Park (codominant with Utah juniper (Juniperus
osteosperma), chokecherry, and water birch (Betula occidentalis)) [202]

OR:

Trout Creek Mountains (monotypic communities and communities codominant with
Pacific willow (S. lucida ssp. lasiandra), gray alder (Alnus
incana), yellow willow, quaking aspen, and Kentucky bluegrass) [78]

Catherine Creek (codominant with common snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus),
Kentucky bluegrass, interior ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var.
scopulorum), and black cottonwood) [126]

SD:

Black Hills (codominant with oak-sumac (Quercus-Rhus ssp.) associations) [104]

Black Hills and Bear Lodge mountains (codominant with quaking aspen, Kentucky
bluegrass, and white clover (Trifolium repens)) [197]

UT:

Abajo and LaSal mountains (codominant with narrowleaf cottonwood) [175]

WY:

Great Plains montane or boreal cold-deciduous forest (codominant with quaking
aspen) [193]

Bighorn River riparian zone (codominant with skunkbush sumac (R. trilobata)
and western snowberry) [2]

Black Hills (codominant with quaking aspen) [50]

Canada

SK:

Temporarily flooded cold-deciduous shrubland (monotypic) [193]

Matador Research Station (codominant with western snowberry, prickly rose (Rosa
acicularis), northern bedstraw (Galium boreale), and green
needlegrass (Nassella viridula)) [140]

References:

99. Hansen, Paul L.; Chadde, Steve W.; Pfister, Robert D. 1988. Riparian dominance types of Montana. Misc. Publ. No. 49. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station. 411 p. [5660]
2. Akashi, Yoshiko. 1988. Riparian vegetation dynamics along the Bighorn River, Wyoming. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming. 245 p. Thesis. [39266]
28. Blackburn, Wilbert H.; Tueller, Paul T.; Eckert, Richard E., Jr. 1968. Vegetation and soils of the Mill Creek Watershed. Reno, NV: University of Nevada, College of Agriculture. 71 p. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. [12500]
29. Boggs, Keith Webster. 1984. Succession in riparian communities of the lower Yellowstone River, Montana. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 107 p. Thesis. [7245]
30. Boggs, Keith; Hansen, Paul; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in northwestern Montana. Draft Version 1. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 217 p. [8447]
50. Collins, Ellen I. 1984. Preliminary classification of Wyoming plant communities. Cheyenne, WY: Wyoming Natural Heritage Program/The Nature Conservancy. 42 p. [661]
78. Evenden, Angela G. 1989. Ecology and distribution of riparian vegetation in the Trout Creek Mountains of southeastern Oregon. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 156 p. Dissertation. [10231]
88. Girard, Michele M.; Goetz, Harold; Bjugstad, Ardell J. 1989. Native woodland habitat types of southwestern North Dakota. Res. Pap. RM-281. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 36 p. [6319]
96. Hall, James B.; Hansen, Paul L. 1997. A preliminary riparian habitat type classification system for the Bureau of Land Management districts in southern and eastern Idaho. Tech. Bull. No. 97-11. Boise, ID: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management; Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Riparian and Wetland Research Program. 381 p. [28173]
102. Harris, Richard R. 1989. Riparian communities of the Sierra Nevada and their environmental relationships. In: Abell, Dana L., technical coordinator. Proceedings of the California riparian systems conference: Protection, management, and restoration for the 1990's; 1988 September 22-24; Davis, CA. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-110. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station: 393-398. [13768]
104. Hayward, Herman E. 1928. Studies of plants in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Botanical Gazette. 85(4): 353-412. [1110]
117. Jankovsky-Jones, Mabel; Rust, Steven K.; Moseley, Robert K. 1999. Riparian reference areas in Idaho: a catalog of plant associations and conservation sites. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-20. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 141 p. [29900]
126. Kauffman, J. Boone; Krueger, W. C.; Vavra, M. 1985. Ecology and plant communities of the riparian areas associated with Catherine Creek in northeastern Oregon. Tech. Bull. 147. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, Agricultural Experiment Station. 35 p. [6174]
138. Langenheim, Jean H. 1956. Plant succession on a subalpine earthflow in Colorado. Ecology. 37(2): 301-317. [50443]
140. Lawrence, Donna L.; Romo, J. T. 1995. Tree and shrub communities of wooded draws near the Matador Research Station in southern Saskatchewan. The Canadian Field Naturalist. 108(4): 397-412. [46867]
148. Manning, Mary E.; Padgett, Wayne G. 1989. Preliminary riparian community type classification for Nevada. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region. Preliminary draft. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. 135 p. [11531]
149. Manning, Mary E.; Padgett, Wayne G. 1995. Riparian community type classification for Humboldt and Toiyabe National Forests, Nevada and eastern California. R4-Ecol-95-01. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region. 306 p. [42196]
152. McCarthy, Judith Colleen. 1996. A floristic survey of the Pryor Mountains, Montana. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 93 p. Thesis. [46912]
167. Muldavin, Esteban; Durkin, Paula; Bradley, Mike; Stuever, Mary; Mehlhop, Patricia. 2000. Handbook of wetland vegetation communities of New Mexico. Volume I: classification and community descriptions. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico, Biology Department; New Mexico Natural Heritage Program. 172 p. (+ appendices). [45517]
175. Padgett, Wayne G.; Youngblood, Andrew P.; Winward, Alma H. 1989. Riparian community type classification of Utah and southeastern Idaho. R4-Ecol-89-01. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region. 191 p. [11360]
197. Severson, Kieth E.; Thilenius, John F. 1976. Classification of quaking aspen stands in the Black Hills and Bear Lodge Mountains. Res. Pap. RM-166. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 24 p. [2111]
202. Smith, Stanley D.; Murray, Kevin J.; Landau, Frederick H.; Sala, Anna M. 1995. Structure of woody riparian vegetation in Great Basin National Park. In: Roundy, Bruce A.; McArthur, E. Durant; Haley, Jennifer S.; Mann, David K., compilers. Proceedings: wildland shrub and arid land restoration symposium; 1993 October 19-21; Las Vegas, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-315. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 246-251. [24856]
193. Schneider, Rick E.; Faber-Langendoen, Don; Crawford, Rex C.; Weakley, Alan S. 1997. The status of biodiversity in the Great Plains: Great Plains vegetation classification. Supplemental Document 1. In: Ostlie, Wayne R.; Schneider, Rick E.; Aldrich, Janette Marie; Faust, Thomas M.; McKim, Robert L. B.; Chaplin, Stephen J., compilers. The status of biodiversity in the Great Plains, [Online]. Arlington, VA: The Nature Conservancy (Producer). 75 p. Available: http://conserveonline.org/docs/2005/02/greatplains_vegclass_97.pdf [2006 May 16]. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [62020]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

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Habitat: Rangeland Cover Types

More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following Rangeland Cover Types (as classified by the Society for Range Management, SRM):

More info for the terms: association, cover

SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES [200]:

101 Bluebunch wheatgrass

102 Idaho fescue

104 Antelope bitterbrush-bluebunch wheatgrass

105 Antelope bitterbrush-Idaho fescue

106 Bluegrass scabland

107 Western juniper/big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass

108 Alpine Idaho fescue

109 Ponderosa pine shrubland

110 Ponderosa pine-grassland

203 Riparian woodland

207 Scrub oak mixed chaparral

209 Montane shrubland

210 Bitterbrush

213 Alpine grassland

216 Montane meadows

301 Bluebunch wheatgrass-blue grama

303 Bluebunch wheatgrass-western wheatgrass

304 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

308 Idaho fescue-tufted hairgrass

309 Idaho fescue-western wheatgrass

310 Needle-and-thread-blue grama

311 Rough fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass

312 Rough fescue-Idaho fescue

314 Big sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass

315 Big sagebrush-Idaho fescue

316 Big sagebrush-rough fescue

317 Bitterbrush-bluebunch wheatgrass

318 Bitterbrush-Idaho fescue

319 Bitterbrush-rough fescue

320 Black sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass

321 Black sagebrush-Idaho fescue

322 Curlleaf mountain-mahogany-bluebunch wheatgrass

324 Threetip sagebrush-Idaho fescue

401 Basin big sagebrush

402 Mountain big sagebrush

403 Wyoming big sagebrush

404 Threetip sagebrush

405 Black sagebrush

406 Low sagebrush

407 Stiff sagebrush

408 Other sagebrush types

409 Tall forb

410 Alpine rangeland

411 Aspen woodland

412 Juniper-pinyon woodland

413 Gambel oak

415 Curlleaf mountain-mahogany

419 Bittercherry

420 Snowbrush

421 Chokecherry-serviceberry-rose

422 Riparian

502 Grama-galleta

503 Arizona chaparral

504 Juniper-pinyon pine woodland

505 Grama-tobosa shrub

509 Transition between oak-juniper woodland and mahogany-oak association

602 Bluestem-prairie sandreed

603 Prairie sandreed-needlegrass

605 Sandsage prairie

606 Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass

607 Wheatgrass-needlegrass

608 Wheatgrass-grama-needlegrass

609 Wheatgrass-grama

610 Wheatgrass

611 Blue grama-buffalo grass

612 Sagebrush-grass

613 Fescue grassland

614 Crested wheatgrass

704 Blue grama-western wheatgrass

715 Grama-buffalo grass

733 Juniper-oak

735 Sideoats grama-sumac-juniper

805 Riparian

ALASKAN RANGELANDS

901 Alder

908 Fescue

920 White spruce-paper birch

921 Willow

References:

200. Shiflet, Thomas N., ed. 1994. Rangeland cover types of the United States. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management. 152 p. [23362]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

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Habitat: Cover Types

More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

More info for the term: cover

SAF COVER TYPES [80]:

16 Aspen

63 Cottonwood

67 Mohrs (shin) oak

201 White spruce

202 White spruce-paper birch

204 Black spruce

205 Mountain hemlock

206 Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir

207 Red fir

208 Whitebark pine

210 Interior Douglas-fir

211 White fir

212 Western larch

213 Grand fir

215 Western white pine

216 Blue spruce

217 Aspen

218 Lodgepole pine

219 Limber pine

220 Rocky Mountain juniper

221 Red alder

222 Black cottonwood-willow

223 Sitka spruce

224 Western hemlock

225 Western hemlock-Sitka spruce

226 Coastal true fir-hemlock

227 Western redcedar-western hemlock

228 Western redcedar

229 Pacific Douglas-fir

230 Douglas-fir-western hemlock

231 Port-Orford-cedar

232 Redwood

233 Oregon white oak

235 Cottonwood-willow

237 Interior ponderosa pine

238 Western juniper

239 Pinyon-juniper

240 Arizona cypress

241 Western live oak

243 Sierra Nevada mixed conifer

244 Pacific ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir

245 Pacific ponderosa pine

246 California black oak

251 White spruce-aspen

253 Black spruce-white spruce

254 Black spruce-paper birch

256 California mixed subalpine

References:

80. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

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Habitat: Plant Associations

More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the term: shrub

KUCHLER [134] PLANT ASSOCIATIONS:

K001 Spruce-cedar-hemlock forest

K002 Cedar-hemlock-Douglas-fir forest

K003 Silver fir-Douglas-fir forest

K004 Fir-hemlock forest

K005 Mixed conifer forest

K006 Redwood forest

K007 Red fir forest

K008 Lodgepole pine-subalpine forest

K009 Pine-cypress forest

K010 Ponderosa shrub forest

K011 Western ponderosa forest

K012 Douglas-fir forest

K013 Cedar-hemlock-pine forest

K014 Grand fir-Douglas-fir forest

K015 Western spruce-fir forest

K016 Eastern ponderosa forest

K017 Black Hills pine forest

K018 Pine-Douglas-fir forest

K019 Arizona pine forest

K020 Spruce-fir-Douglas-fir forest

K021 Southwestern spruce-fir forest

K022 Great Basin pine forest

K023 Juniper-pinyon woodland

K024 Juniper steppe woodland

K025 Alder-ash forest

K026 Oregon oakwoods

K027 Mesquite bosques

K028 Mosaic of K002 and K026

K029 California mixed evergreen forest

K030 California oakwoods

K031 Oak-juniper woodland

K032 Transition between K031 and K037

K033 Chaparral

K034 Montane chaparral

K037 Mountain-mahogany-oak scrub

K038 Great Basin sagebrush

K050 Fescue-wheatgrass

K051 Wheatgrass-bluegrass

K052 Alpine meadows and barren

K053 Grama-galleta steppe

K054 Grama-tobosa prairie

K055 Sagebrush steppe

K056 Wheatgrass-needlegrass shrubsteppe

K057 Galleta-threeawn shrubsteppe

K058 Grama-tobosa shrubsteppe

K059 Trans-Pecos shrub savanna

K063 Foothills prairie

K064 Grama-needlegrass-wheatgrass

K065 Grama-buffalo grass

K066 Wheatgrass-needlegrass

K067 Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass

K068 Wheatgrass-grama-buffalo grass

K069 Bluestem-grama prairie

K070 Sandsage-bluestem prairie

K071 Shinnery

K074 Bluestem prairie

K075 Nebraska Sandhills prairie

K081 Oak savanna

K085 Mesquite-buffalo grass

K086 Juniper-oak savanna

K088 Fayette prairie

K098 Northern floodplain forest

K100 Oak-hickory forest

K106 Northern hardwoods

K107 Northern hardwoods-fir forest

References:

134. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

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Habitat: Ecosystem

More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

ECOSYSTEMS [87]:

FRES17 Elm-ash-cottonwood

FRES19 Aspen-birch

FRES20 Douglas-fir

FRES21 Ponderosa pine

FRES22 Western white pine

FRES23 Fir-spruce

FRES24 Hemlock-Sitka spruce

FRES25 Larch

FRES26 Lodgepole pine

FRES27 Redwood

FRES28 Western hardwoods

FRES29 Sagebrush

FRES31 Shinnery

FRES32 Texas savanna

FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe

FRES34 Chaparral-mountain shrub

FRES35 Pinyon-juniper

FRES36 Mountain grasslands

FRES37 Mountain meadows

FRES38 Plains grasslands

FRES39 Prairie

FRES40 Desert grasslands

FRES44 Alpine

References:

87. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; Lewis, Mont E.; Smith, Dixie R. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

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General Ecology

Fire Management Considerations

More info for the terms: fire tolerant, fuel, shrub, wildfire

Browsing: Ungulates and cattle browse Wood's rose heavily following fire. In 2000, a moderate- to high-severity wildfire burned approximately 80% of the Boulder Creek Basin in Wyoming. In postfire years 2 and 3, the percent of available Wood's rose that ungulates (moose, elk, mule deer, and white-tailed deer) and cattle browsed (xÂ± s x ) was 84% Â±7% and 73% Â± 4%, respectively [72].

Burning season: Research indicates that the response of Wood's rose to spring and summer fires is similar [132].

Forest Fuel: Wood's rose is an important species in Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir forests. In Montana Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir forests, the available fuel averages 13 tons/acre [33].

Invasive species: If fire is chosen as a management tool for Wood's rose, managers should be cognizant of potential negative effects on associated or surrounding vegetation. For instance, Wood's rose grows in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming [137]. In the past several decades the area has been infested by the drought-deciduous salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima) which is fire tolerant and may expand after disturbances such as fire and severely reduce native plant coverage [144].

Wildlife: At the Woodsworth Study Area, North Dakota, Johnson [118] found that burning Wood's rose and other shrub species may displace birds such as eastern kingbird, willow flycatcher, yellow warbler, common yellowthroat, clay-colored sparrow, and brown-headed cowbird, all of which thrive in woody vegetation that has been long protected from fire.

References:

33. Bradley, Anne F.; Fischer, William C.; Noste, Nonan V. 1992. Fire ecology of the forest habitat types of eastern Idaho and western Wyoming. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-290. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 92 p. [19558]
118. Johnson, Douglas H. 1997. Effects of fire on bird populations in mixed-grass prairie. In: Knopf, Frtiz L.; Samson, Fred B., eds. Ecology and conservation of Great Plains vertebrates. Ecological Studies, Vol. 25. New York: Springer-Verlag: 181-206. [27815]
132. Kruse, Arnold D.; Higgins, Kenneth F. 1998. Effects of prescribed fire upon wildlife habitat in northern mixed-grass prairie. In: Alexander, M. E.; Bisgrove, G. F., tech. coords. The art and science of fire management: Proceedings of the 1st Interior West Fire Council annual meeting and workshop; 1988 October 24-27; Kananaskis Village, AB. Information Report NOR-X-309. Edmonton, AB: Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre: 182-193. [40285]
137. Ladenburger, C. G.; Hild, A. L.; Kazmer, D. J.; Munn, L. C. 2006. Soil salinity patterns in Tamarix invasions in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA. Journal of Arid Environments. 65(1): 111-128. [60811]
144. Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Egan, Thomas B.; de Gouvenain, Roland C. 1994. Tamarisk control on public lands in the desert of southern California: two case studies. In: Environmental stewardship through weed control: Proceedings, 46th annual California Weed Science Society conference; 1994 January 17-19; San Jose, California. No. 46. Fremont, CA: California Weed Science Society: 166-177. [44086]
72. Dwire, Kathleen A.; Ryan, Sandra E.; Shirley, Laura J.; Lytjen, Danna; Otting, Nick. 2004. Recovery of riparian shrubs following wildfire: influence of herbivory, [Online]. In: Lowrance, Richard, ed. Riparian ecosystems and buffers: multi-scale structure, function, and management AWRA summer specialty conference: Proceedings; 2004 June 28-30; Olympic Valley, CA. Middleburg, VA: American Water Resources Association (Producer): 1-6. Available: http://www.awra.org/proceedings/cd_proceedings.html [2005, February 23]. [51717]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

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Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire

More info for the terms: cover, density, duff, fireline intensity, frequency, fuel, fuel moisture, litter, prescribed fire, restoration

The frequency of Wood's rose increased nearly 3-fold 2 years following a spring burn on the western
snowberry-dominated University of Alberta Ranch. Wood's rose frequency remained constant at 4.0% on
unburned plots during the study period, 1970 to 1972. On burned plots, Wood's rose frequency was also
4.0% during postfire months 3 and 15, but increased to 11.0% at postfire month 27. The cover of Wood's
rose was not reported in the study [5].

The cover (3-year average) of Wood's rose significantly (p<0.01) decreased following a high-intensity
fire in an Idaho interior ponderosa pine forest, but remained relatively unchanged on low-intensity burn
sites. Fireline intensity ranged from 30 to 3,034 Kcal/m-s (781 Kcal/m-s average) on high-intensity sites
and from 25 to 194 Kcal/m-s (127 Kcal/m-s average) on low-intensity sites. The average cover of Wood's rose
during a 3-year postfire period was 0.8% on unburned sites, 0.7% on low-intensity burn sites, and 0.2% on
high intensity burn sites [6,7].

Prescription burning in a quaking aspen community in western Wyoming reduced production (kg/ha) of Wood's
rose on lightly and heavily burned sites, but produced no change on moderately burned sites at postfire year
3. The area, Bridger-Teton National Forest, was burned on 29 August 1974, and the following conditions existed
at the time of burning: 77 Â°F (25 Â°C) air temperature, winds gusting at 8 to 20 mph (13-32 kph), 18% relative
humidity, and fuel moisture in the quaking aspen groves ranged from 10% to 45%. A site was considered lightly
burned if approximately 0% to 20% of the litter and duff was consumed, moderately burned if approximately 21%
to 80% was consumed, and heavily burned if approximately 81% to 100% was consumed. Prior to burning and on
moderately burned sites in postfire year 3, Wood's rose production was 53kg/ha. On lightly and heavily burned
sites in postfire year 3, production was 30 kg/ha and 16 kg/ha, respectively [23].

The researchers returned to the site during postfire year 12 and found that Wood's rose production was greater
on moderately burned sites than before burning, but that production on lightly and heavily burned sites was still
less than the prefire level of 53 kg/ha. Production of Wood's rose on lightly, moderately, and heavily burned
sites in postfire year 12 were 34 kg/ha, 85 kg/ha, and 51 kg/ha, respectively [24].

Following two April 1992 fires in cottonwood woodlands along the Oldman River in southern Alberta, Wood's rose,
Saskatoon serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), chokecherry, and western snowberry had created a sparse
understory by postfire month 5. By postfire year 5, a dense understory was present dominated by either 6.5 to 10
foot (2-3 m) tall chokecherry and Saskatoon serviceberry stands, or 3 foot (1 m) tall Wood's rose and western
snowberry bushes [89].

Prescription burning in an interior ponderosa pine forest reduced Wood's rose production in postfire year 1.
The burn was conducted on 2 consecutive days in October, 1982, on the Fort Valley Experimental Forest near
Flagstaff, Arizona. The average daily temperature during the 2 days of burning was 64 ÂºF (18 ÂºC) and 57 ÂºF
(14 ÂºC), respectively. The total heat yield of the fire on sites occupied by Wood's rose was 42,082 kJ/mÂ².
In November, 1983, Wood's rose production had decreased from a preburn level of 53.47 kg/ha to 13.50 kg/ha [228].

A spring fire in an quaking aspen-conifer forests covering 40 acres (16 ha) in the West Boulder River Valley,
Montana, caused a substantial increase in Wood's rose density during postfire years 1 and 2, but a decrease
in plant height. At the time of the fire relative humidity ranged from 10% to 30%, fuel moisture ranged from
5% to 10%, winds were at 15 miles/hr (24 km/hr), and the temperature ranged from 65 ÂºF to 85 ÂºF (18-29 ÂºC).
Using a point-center-quarter measurement system, Wood's rose density/acre prior to the fire was 2,863. Wood's
rose density/acre increased in postfire years 1 and 2 to 15,094 and 31,282, respectively. Prior to the fire,
the average height of Wood's rose plants was 28.0 inches (71 cm). Following the fire, average Wood's rose height
was 11 inches (28 cm) at the end of postfire growing season 1 and 16 inches (41 cm) at the end of postfire
growing season 2 [91].

In the Wasatch Mountain Range, Utah, 4 Gambel oak communities were studied 1, 2, 9, and 18 years following fires.
Wood's rose is common in all 4 communities and was reduced by burning in postfire year 1, but increased in postfire
years 2, 9, and 18. The following table describes Wood's rose cover (%) on burned and unburned sites [154]:

BurnedUnburnedPostfire year 17.010.3Postfire year 217.19.4Postfire year 96.54.8Postfire year 1810.96.2
The Research Project Summary
Vegetation response to restoration treatments in ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir forests of western Montana provides information on prescribed fire and postfire response of plant community species including
Wood's rose.

References:

23. Bartos, D. L.; Mueggler, W. F. 1981. Early succession in aspen communities following fire in western Wyoming. Journal of Range Management. 34(4): 315-318. [5100]
5. Anderson, Murray L.; Bailey, Arthur W. 1979. Effect of fire on a Symphoricarpos occidentalis shrub community in central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany. 57: 2820-2823. [2867]
6. Armour, Charles D.; Bunting, Stephen C.; Neuenschwander, Leon F. 1984. Fire intensity effects on the understory in ponderosa pine forests. Journal of Range Management. 37(1): 44-48. [6618]
24. Bartos, Dale L.; Brown, James K.; Booth, Gordon D. 1994. Twelve years biomass response in aspen communities following fire. Journal of Range Management. 47: 79-83. [22891]
89. Gom, Lori A.; Rood, Stewart B. 1999. Fire induces clonal sprouting of riparian cottonwoods. Canadian Journal of Botany. 77(11): 1604-1616. [38169]
91. Gordon, Floyd A. 1976. Spring burning in an aspen-conifer stand for maintenance of moose habitat, West Boulder River, Montana. In: Proceedings, Montana Tall Timbers fire ecology conference and Intermountain Fire Research Council fire and land management symposium; 1974 October 8-10; Missoula, MT. No. 14. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 501-538. [13529]
154. McKell, Cyrus M. 1950. A study of plant succession in the oak brush (Quercus gambelii) zone after fire. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah. 79 p. Thesis. [1608]
228. Vose, James M.; White, Alan S. 1991. Biomass response mechanisms of understory species the first year after prescribed burning in an Arizona ponderosa pine community. Forest Ecology and Management. 40(3/4): 175-187. [35011]
7. Armour, Charles D.; Bunting, Stephen C.; Neuenschwander, Leon F. [n.d.]. The effect of fire intensity on understory vegetational development. Unpublished report on file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. 17 p. [30855]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/

Plant Response to Fire

More info for the terms: cover, density, fire intensity, root crown, severity, shrub

Wood's rose primarily recovers from fire by sprouting from the root crown [33,55,56,81,95,164,201,244] In some ecotypes, Wood's rose can spread by root sprouting following fire [33,34,55,201]. Reproduction from seed by Wood's rose rarely occurs after a burn. When seed reproduction does occur on burn sites, the rate of growth is slow compared to that of "other" species [170,244]. Wood's rose seeds are dispersed onto burn sites by birds and mammals [30,95] and/or water [160]. Wood's rose utilizes a seed bank [95], but as of this review (2006), there is no information on seed tolerance of fire.

While Wood's rose is described as a fire-tolerant shrub [96,99,100,180], the effect of fire on Wood's rose growth is mixed. During postfire year 1, research has shown Wood's rose cover to increase [91], decrease [154,228], and remain unchanged [5]. Beyond postfire year 1, further research found Wood's rose cover and/or production to increase [5,23,24,91,154], decrease [6,7,23,24], and remain unchanged [23] depending upon fire intensity severity. In one study, Wood's rose density increased during postfire years 1 and 2, but plant height decreased over the same time period [91].

References:

23. Bartos, D. L.; Mueggler, W. F. 1981. Early succession in aspen communities following fire in western Wyoming. Journal of Range Management. 34(4): 315-318. [5100]
99. Hansen, Paul L.; Chadde, Steve W.; Pfister, Robert D. 1988. Riparian dominance types of Montana. Misc. Publ. No. 49. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station. 411 p. [5660]
5. Anderson, Murray L.; Bailey, Arthur W. 1979. Effect of fire on a Symphoricarpos occidentalis shrub community in central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany. 57: 2820-2823. [2867]
6. Armour, Charles D.; Bunting, Stephen C.; Neuenschwander, Leon F. 1984. Fire intensity effects on the understory in ponderosa pine forests. Journal of Range Management. 37(1): 44-48. [6618]
24. Bartos, Dale L.; Brown, James K.; Booth, Gordon D. 1994. Twelve years biomass response in aspen communities following fire. Journal of Range Management. 47: 79-83. [22891]
30. Boggs, Keith; Hansen, Paul; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in northwestern Montana. Draft Version 1. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 217 p. [8447]
33. Bradley, Anne F.; Fischer, William C.; Noste, Nonan V. 1992. Fire ecology of the forest habitat types of eastern Idaho and western Wyoming. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-290. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 92 p. [19558]
34. Bradley, Anne F.; Noste, Nonan V.; Fischer, William C. 1992. Fire ecology of forests and woodlands of Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-287. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 128 p. [18212]
55. Crane, M. F.; Fischer, William C. 1986. Fire ecology of the forest habitat types of central Idaho. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-218. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 85 p. [5297]
56. Crane, Marilyn F. 1982. Fire ecology of Rocky Mountain Region forest habitat types. Final report: Contract No. 43-83X9-1-884. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 1. 272 p. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [5292]
81. Ferguson, Robert B. 1983. Use of rosaceous shrubs for wildland plantings in the Intermountain West. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Shaw, Nancy, comps. Managing Intermountain rangelands--improvement of range and wildlife habitats; Proceedings of symposia; 1981 September 15-17; Twin Falls, ID; 1982 June 22-24; Elko, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-157. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 136-149. [915]
91. Gordon, Floyd A. 1976. Spring burning in an aspen-conifer stand for maintenance of moose habitat, West Boulder River, Montana. In: Proceedings, Montana Tall Timbers fire ecology conference and Intermountain Fire Research Council fire and land management symposium; 1974 October 8-10; Missoula, MT. No. 14. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 501-538. [13529]
95. Haeussler, S.; Coates, D.; Mather, J. 1990. Autecology of common plants in British Columbia: A literature review. Economic and Regional Development Agreement: FRDA Report 158. Victoria, BC: Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch. 272 p. [18033]
96. Hall, James B.; Hansen, Paul L. 1997. A preliminary riparian habitat type classification system for the Bureau of Land Management districts in southern and eastern Idaho. Tech. Bull. No. 97-11. Boise, ID: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management; Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Riparian and Wetland Research Program. 381 p. [28173]
100. Hansen, Paul; Boggs, Keith; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in central and eastern Montana. Draft Version 2. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 279 p. [12477]
154. McKell, Cyrus M. 1950. A study of plant succession in the oak brush (Quercus gambelii) zone after fire. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah. 79 p. Thesis. [1608]
160. Merritt, David M.; Wohl, Ellen E. 2006. Plant dispersal along rivers fragmented by dams. River Research and Applications. 22: 1-26. [61821]
164. Mitchell, Jerry M. 1984. Fire management action plan: Zion National Park, Utah. Record of Decision. 73 p. Salt Lake City, UT: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [17278]
170. Neuenschwander, L. F. 1978. The fire induced autecology of selected shrubs of the cold desert and surrounding forests: A-state-of-the-art review. Unpublished manuscript on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. 31 p. [1747]
180. Plummer, A. Perry. 1977. Revegetation of disturbed Intermountain area sites. In: Thames, J. C., ed. Reclamation and use of disturbed lands of the Southwest. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press: 302-337. [27411]
201. Smith, Jane Kapler; Fischer, William C. 1997. Fire ecology of the forest habitat types of northern Idaho. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-363. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 142 p. [27992]
228. Vose, James M.; White, Alan S. 1991. Biomass response mechanisms of understory species the first year after prescribed burning in an Arizona ponderosa pine community. Forest Ecology and Management. 40(3/4): 175-187. [35011]
244. Wright, Henry A.; Neuenschwander, Leon F.; Britton, Carlton M. 1979. The role and use of fire in sagebrush-grass and pinyon-juniper plant communities: A state-of-the-art review. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-58. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 48 p. [2625]
7. Armour, Charles D.; Bunting, Stephen C.; Neuenschwander, Leon F. [n.d.]. The effect of fire intensity on understory vegetational development. Unpublished report on file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. 17 p. [30855]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/

Immediate Effect of Fire

More info for the term: root crown

Wood's rose is top-killed by fire [242]. Wood's rose has a shallow root crown which can be damaged by fires of moderate to high intensity [95,100,199].

References:

95. Haeussler, S.; Coates, D.; Mather, J. 1990. Autecology of common plants in British Columbia: A literature review. Economic and Regional Development Agreement: FRDA Report 158. Victoria, BC: Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch. 272 p. [18033]
100. Hansen, Paul; Boggs, Keith; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in central and eastern Montana. Draft Version 2. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 279 p. [12477]
199. Shaw, Nancy L.; Monsen, Stephen B.; Stevens, Richard. 2004. Rosaceous shrubs. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Stevens, Richard; Shaw, Nancy L. Restoring western ranges and wildlands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-136-vol-2. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 539-596. [52845]
242. Wright, Henry A. 1974. Range burning. Journal of Range Management. 27(1): 5-11. [2613]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/

Post-fire Regeneration

More info for the terms: adventitious, ground residual colonizer, initial off-site colonizer, secondary colonizer, shrub

POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY [206]:
Tall shrub, adventitious bud/root crown
Ground residual colonizer (on-site, initial community)
Initial off-site colonizer (off-site, initial community)
Secondary colonizer (on-site or off-site seed sources)

References:

206. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. FEIS postfire regeneration workshop--April 12: Seral origin of species comprising secondary plant succession in Northern Rocky Mountain forests. 10 p. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [20090]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/

Fire Ecology

More info for the terms: cover, fire frequency, fire suppression, fire tolerant, frequency, fuel, mesic, root crown

Fire adaptations: Wood's rose establishes after fire primarily by sprouting from the root crown [34,55,56,81,95,164,201,244]. While less frequent, Wood's rose may establish after fire by root sprouting [33,34,55,201] or seed establishment [170,244]. Wood's rose is strongly fire tolerant, except for smoldering fires with heavy volumes of surface fuel which may kill the root crown [96,99,100].

FIRE REGIMES: Many diverse communities provide Wood's rose habitat. In interior ponderosa pine and oak savanna communities, fire may occur as often as every 2 years [176,230]. Conversely, Wood's rose occurs in curlleaf mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius) communities where the fire return interval can be as great as 1,000 years [15,194]. A brief fire description of locales where Wood's rose is most common is provided below.

Coniferous forests: Wood's rose is an important species in Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir forests. In the Jackson Hole region of Wyoming, the fire return interval in Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir forests is 50 to 100 years. Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir forests adjacent to sagebrush steppe have a shorter fire return interval, generally from 20 to 25 years [34].

Wood's rose is a common understory species in interior ponderosa pine forests in Zion National Park, Utah. European settlement activities from 1862 until 1926 caused a dramatic decrease in fire frequency. This pattern has continued from 1926 until present under the National Park Service fire suppression program. The fire scar records suggests that the fire frequency prior to 1862 was from 4 to 7 years. From 1931 to 1984, 315 fires have been reported within the park and along the park boundary. Of those 315 fires, 235 were lightning fires [164].

Deciduous forests: Fire was an important ecological process in the quaking aspen parklands of central Alberta prior to European settlement, with most fires ignited by lightning and Native Americans. In the early 1900s, brush cover in the parklands ranged from approximately 5% to 10%. Presently, without periodic fires, brush cover ranges from 10% in drier regions to 60% to 100% in more mesic areas [19].

Wood's rose may occur as a dominant species in riparian cottonwood (Populus ssp.) woodlands in southern Alberta river valleys. Dendrochronological analyses of riparian cottonwoods in the Oldman River area show up to 4 fire scars per century. Fires are most likely to occur in "decrepit" woodlands during dry periods [89].

Pinyon-Juniper (Pinus-Juniperus spp.) woodlands: Gruell [94] used fire scar evidence to produce a fire history for the Walker River Watershed Project, California. The watershed is an area of 392,750 acres (158,900 ha) encompassing the Sweetwater Mountains, Pine Grove Hills, and the west slope of the Bodie Hills. Sampling of 6 Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) and 3 Colorado pinyon (P. edulis) trees produced a 208-year fire chronology in the Little Frying Pan Study Area for the years 1687 to 1895. A total of 51 fires scars representing at least 27 fire years were found on the 9 trees, suggesting a fire return interval of 8 years. Fires during this period were started by both lightning and Native Americans. In the 1850s, European settlers migrated into the areas, forced Native Americans off their land, and effectively ended human-caused fires. Expansive grazing by cattle and domestic sheep promoted by Europeans caused a substantial reduction in fine fuels which also inhibited fire. Fire is largely suppressed in the Walker River Watershed Project presently. Since 1960, 266 wildfires have been suppressed in the area [94].

Shrub-steppe: Wood's rose is found around the Columbia Plateau of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. The fire return interval for this habitat is approximately 25 years [57].

The following table provides fire return intervals for plant communities and ecosystems where Wood's rose is important. For further information, see the FEIS review of the dominant species listed below.

Community or ecosystem Dominant species Fire return interval range (years) silver fir-Douglas-fir Abies amabilis-Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii >200 grand fir Abies grandis 35-200 [11] bluestem prairie Andropogon gerardii var. gerardii-Schizachyrium scoparium 133,176] Nebraska sandhills prairie Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilus-Schizachyrium scoparium 176] silver sagebrush steppe Artemisia cana 5-45 [106,183,243] sagebrush steppe Artemisia tridentata/Pseudoroegneria spicata 20-70 [176] basin big sagebrush Artemisia tridentata var. tridentata 12-43 [192] mountain big sagebrush Artemisia tridentata var. vaseyana 15-40 [13,37,162] Wyoming big sagebrush Artemisia tridentata var. wyomingensis 10-70 ( x=40) [224,245] coastal sagebrush Artemisia californica 176] birch Betula spp. 80-230 [212] desert grasslands Bouteloua eriopoda and/or Pleuraphis mutica 10 to <100 [155,176] plains grasslands Bouteloua spp. 176,243] blue grama-needle-and-thread grass-western wheatgrass Bouteloua gracilis-Hesperostipa comata-Pascopyrum smithii 176,189,243] blue grama-buffalo grass Bouteloua gracilis-Buchloe dactyloides 176,243] blue grama-tobosa prairie Bouteloua gracilis-Pleuraphis mutica 176] cheatgrass Bromus tectorum 177,239] California montane chaparral Ceanothus and/or Arctostaphylos spp. 50-100 [176] curlleaf mountain-mahogany* Cercocarpus ledifolius 13-1,000 [15,194] mountain-mahogany-Gambel oak scrub Cercocarpus ledifolius-Quercus gambelii <35 to <100 Arizona cypress Cupressus arizonica 176] green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica <35 to >300 [73,230] juniper-oak savanna Juniperus ashei-Quercus virginiana <35 Ashe juniper Juniperus ashei <35 western juniper Juniperus occidentalis 20-70 Rocky Mountain juniper Juniperus scopulorum <35 tamarack Larix laricina 35-200 [176] western larch Larix occidentalis 25-350 [12,22,62] wheatgrass plains grasslands Pascopyrum smithii <5-47+ [176,183,243] Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir Picea engelmannii-Abies lasiocarpa 35 to >200 [11] black spruce Picea mariana 35-200 [71] blue spruce* Picea pungens 35-200 [11] pine-cypress forest Pinus-Cupressus spp. 9-63 [8,215,226] pinyon-juniper Pinus-Juniperus spp. <35 [176] whitebark pine* Pinus albicaulis 50-200 [1,9] Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine* Pinus contorta var. latifolia 25-340 [21,22,216] Sierra lodgepole pine* Pinus contorta var. murrayana 35-200 Jeffrey pine Pinus jeffreyi 5-30 western white pine* Pinus monticola 50-200 Pacific ponderosa pine* Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa 1-47 [11] interior ponderosa pine* Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum 2-30 [11,20,139] Arizona pine Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica 2-15 [20,52,195] eastern cottonwood Populus deltoides <35 to 200 [176] quaking aspen-paper birch Populus tremuloides-Betula papyrifera 35-200 [71,230] quaking aspen (west of the Great Plains) Populus tremuloides 7-120 [11,93,159] mesquite Prosopis glandulosa <35 to <100 [155,176] mesquite-buffalo grass Prosopis glandulosa-Buchloe dactyloides <35 Texas savanna Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa <10 [176] mountain grasslands Pseudoroegneria spicata 3-40 ( x=10) [10,11] Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir* Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca 25-100 [11,13,14] coastal Douglas-fir* Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 40-240 [11,165,187] California oakwoods Quercus spp. <35 [11] oak-hickory Quercus-Carya spp. <35 [230] oak-juniper woodland (Southwest) Quercus-Juniperus spp. <35 to <200 [176] Oregon white oak Quercus garryana <35 [11] bear oak Quercus ilicifolia <35 [230] California black oak Quercus kelloggii 5-30 [176] bur oak Quercus macrocarpa <10 [230] oak savanna Quercus macrocarpa/Andropogon gerardii-Schizachyrium scoparium 2-14 [176,230] shinnery Quercus mohriana <35 [176] live oak Quercus virginiana 10 to<100 [230] little bluestem-grama prairie Schizachyrium scoparium-Bouteloua spp. <35 [176] redwood Sequoia sempervirens 5-200 [11,84,210] western redcedar-western hemlock Thuja plicata-Tsuga heterophylla >200 western hemlock-Sitka spruce Tsuga heterophylla-Picea sitchensis >200 [11] *fire return interval varies widely; trends in variation are noted in the species review

References:

9. Arno, Stephen F. 1976. The historical role of fire on the Bitterroot National Forest. Res. Pap. INT-187. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 29 p. [15225]
10. Arno, Stephen F. 1980. Forest fire history in the Northern Rockies. Journal of Forestry. 78(8): 460-465. [11990]
11. Arno, Stephen F. 2000. Fire in western forest ecosystems. In: Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler, eds. Wildland fire in ecosystems: Effects of fire on flora. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 97-120. [36984]
13. Arno, Stephen F.; Gruell, George E. 1983. Fire history at the forest-grassland ecotone in southwestern Montana. Journal of Range Management. 36(3): 332-336. [342]
14. Arno, Stephen F.; Scott, Joe H.; Hartwell, Michael G. 1995. Age-class structure of old growth ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir stands and its relationship to fire history. Res. Pap. INT-RP-481. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 25 p. [25928]
1. Agee, James K. 1994. Fire and weather disturbances in terrestrial ecosystems of the eastern Cascades. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-320. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 52 p. (Everett, Richard L., assessment team leader; Eastside forest ecosystem health assessment; Hessburg, Paul F., science team leader and tech. ed., Volume III: assessment). [23656]
84. Finney, Mark A.; Martin, Robert E. 1989. Fire history in a Sequoia sempervirens forest at Salt Point State Park, California. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 19: 1451-1457. [9845]
192. Sapsis, David B. 1990. Ecological effects of spring and fall prescribed burning on basin big sagebrush/Idaho fescue--bluebunch wheatgrass communities. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 105 p. Thesis. [16579]
93. Gruell, G. E.; Loope, L. L. 1974. Relationships among aspen, fire, and ungulate browsing in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 33 p. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region. [3862]
99. Hansen, Paul L.; Chadde, Steve W.; Pfister, Robert D. 1988. Riparian dominance types of Montana. Misc. Publ. No. 49. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station. 411 p. [5660]
210. Stuart, John D. 1987. Fire history of an old-growth forest of Sequoia sempervirens (Taxodiaceae) forest in Humboldt Redwoods State Park, California. Madrono. 34(2): 128-141. [7277]
8. Armstrong, Wayne P. 1966. Ecological and taxonomic relationships of Cupressus in southern California. Los Angles, CA: California State College. 129 p. Thesis. [21332]
12. Arno, Stephen F.; Fischer, William C. 1995. Larix occidentalis--fire ecology and fire management. In: Schmidt, Wyman C.; McDonald, Kathy J., compilers. Ecology and management of Larix forests: a look ahead: Proceedings of an international symposium; 1992 October 5-9; Whitefish, MT. Gen. Tech. Rep. GTR-INT-319. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 130-135. [25293]
15. Arno, Stephen F.; Wilson, Andrew E. 1986. Dating past fires in curlleaf mountain-mahogany communities. Journal of Range Management. 39(3): 241-243. [350]
19. Bailey, Arthur W.; Anderson, Murray L. 1980. Fire temperatures in grass, shrub and aspen forest communities of central Alberta. Journal of Range Management. 33(1): 37-40. [6937]
20. Baisan, Christopher H.; Swetnam, Thomas W. 1990. Fire history on a desert mountain range: Rincon Mountain Wilderness, Arizona, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 20: 1559-1569. [14986]
33. Bradley, Anne F.; Fischer, William C.; Noste, Nonan V. 1992. Fire ecology of the forest habitat types of eastern Idaho and western Wyoming. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-290. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 92 p. [19558]
34. Bradley, Anne F.; Noste, Nonan V.; Fischer, William C. 1992. Fire ecology of forests and woodlands of Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-287. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 128 p. [18212]
37. Burkhardt, Wayne J.; Tisdale, E. W. 1976. Causes of juniper invasion in southwestern Idaho. Ecology. 57: 472-484. [565]
52. Cooper, Charles F. 1960. Changes in vegetation, structure, and growth of southwestern pine forests since white settlement. Ecological Monographs. 30(2): 129-164. [3927]
55. Crane, M. F.; Fischer, William C. 1986. Fire ecology of the forest habitat types of central Idaho. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-218. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 85 p. [5297]
56. Crane, Marilyn F. 1982. Fire ecology of Rocky Mountain Region forest habitat types. Final report: Contract No. 43-83X9-1-884. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 1. 272 p. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [5292]
62. Davis, Kathleen M. 1980. Fire history of a western larch/Douglas-fir forest type in northwestern Montana. In: Stokes, Marvin A.; Dieterich, John H., tech. coords. Proceedings of the fire history workshop; 1980 October 20-24; Tucson, AZ. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-81. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 69-74. [12813]
71. Duchesne, Luc C.; Hawkes, Brad C. 2000. Fire in northern ecosystems. In: Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler, eds. Wildland fire in ecosystems: Effects of fire on flora. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 35-51. [36982]
73. Eggler, Willis A. 1980. Live oak. In: Eyre, F. H., ed. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters: 63-64. [49984]
81. Ferguson, Robert B. 1983. Use of rosaceous shrubs for wildland plantings in the Intermountain West. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Shaw, Nancy, comps. Managing Intermountain rangelands--improvement of range and wildlife habitats; Proceedings of symposia; 1981 September 15-17; Twin Falls, ID; 1982 June 22-24; Elko, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-157. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 136-149. [915]
89. Gom, Lori A.; Rood, Stewart B. 1999. Fire induces clonal sprouting of riparian cottonwoods. Canadian Journal of Botany. 77(11): 1604-1616. [38169]
94. Gruell, George E. 1997. Historical role of fire in pinyon-juniper woodlands: Walker River Watershed Project, Bridgeport Ranger District. Bridgeport, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Bridgeport Ranger District. 20 p. [38766]
95. Haeussler, S.; Coates, D.; Mather, J. 1990. Autecology of common plants in British Columbia: A literature review. Economic and Regional Development Agreement: FRDA Report 158. Victoria, BC: Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch. 272 p. [18033]
96. Hall, James B.; Hansen, Paul L. 1997. A preliminary riparian habitat type classification system for the Bureau of Land Management districts in southern and eastern Idaho. Tech. Bull. No. 97-11. Boise, ID: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management; Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Riparian and Wetland Research Program. 381 p. [28173]
100. Hansen, Paul; Boggs, Keith; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in central and eastern Montana. Draft Version 2. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 279 p. [12477]
139. Laven, R. D.; Omi, P. N.; Wyant, J. G.; Pinkerton, A. S. 1980. Interpretation of fire scar data from a ponderosa pine ecosystem in the central Rocky Mountains, Colorado. In: Stokes, Marvin A.; Dieterich, John H., tech. coords. Proceedings of the fire history workshop; 1980 October 20-24; Tucson, AZ. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-81. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 46-49. [7183]
155. McPherson, Guy R. 1995. The role of fire in the desert grasslands. In: McClaran, Mitchel P.; Van Devender, Thomas R., eds. The desert grassland. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press: 130-151. [26576]
159. Meinecke, E. P. 1929. Quaking aspen: A study in applied forest pathology. Tech. Bull. No. 155. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 34 p. [26669]
162. Miller, Richard F.; Rose, Jeffery A. 1995. Historic expansion of Juniperus occidentalis (western juniper) in southeastern Oregon. The Great Basin Naturalist. 55(1): 37-45. [25666]
164. Mitchell, Jerry M. 1984. Fire management action plan: Zion National Park, Utah. Record of Decision. 73 p. Salt Lake City, UT: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [17278]
165. Morrison, Peter H.; Swanson, Frederick J. 1990. Fire history and pattern in a Cascade Range landscape. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-254. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 77 p. [13074]
170. Neuenschwander, L. F. 1978. The fire induced autecology of selected shrubs of the cold desert and surrounding forests: A-state-of-the-art review. Unpublished manuscript on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. 31 p. [1747]
176. Paysen, Timothy E.; Ansley, R. James; Brown, James K.; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Haase, Sally M.; Harrington, Michael G.; Narog, Marcia G.; Sackett, Stephen S.; Wilson, Ruth C. 2000. Fire in western shrubland, woodland, and grassland ecosystems. In: Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler, eds. Wildland fire in ecosystems: Effects of fire on flora. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-volume 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 121-159. [36978]
183. Quinnild, Clayton L.; Cosby, Hugh E. 1958. Relicts of climax vegetation on two mesas in western North Dakota. Ecology. 39(1): 29-32. [1925]
187. Ripple, William J. 1994. Historic spatial patterns of old forests in western Oregon. Journal of Forestry. 92(11): 45-49. [33881]
189. Rowe, J. S. 1969. Lightning fires in Saskatchewan grassland. The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 83: 317-324. [6266]
194. Schultz, Brad W. 1987. Ecology of curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius) in western and central Nevada: population structure and dynamics. Reno, NV: University of Nevada. 111 p. Thesis. [7064]
195. Seklecki, Mariette T.; Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.; Swetnam, Thomas W. 1996. Fire history and the possible role of Apache-set fires in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona. In: Ffolliott, Peter F.; DeBano, Leonard F.; Baker, Malchus B., Jr.; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Solis-Garza, Gilberto; Edminster, Carleton B.; Neary, Daniel G.; Allen, Larry S.; Hamre, R. H., tech. coords. Effects of fire on Madrean Province ecosystems: a symposium proceedings; 1996 March 11-15; Tucson, AZ. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-289. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 238-246. [28082]
201. Smith, Jane Kapler; Fischer, William C. 1997. Fire ecology of the forest habitat types of northern Idaho. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-363. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 142 p. [27992]
212. Swain, Albert M. 1978. Environmental changes during the past 2000 years in north-central Wisconsin: analysis of pollen, charcoal, and seeds from varved lake sediments. Quaternary Research. 10: 55-68. [6968]
215. Swetnam, Thomas W.; Baisan, Christopher H.; Brown, Peter M.; Caprio, Anthony C. 1989. Fire history of Rhyolite Canyon, Chiricahua National Monument. Tech. Rep. No. 32. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. 47 p. [10573]
216. Tande, Gerald F. 1979. Fire history and vegetation pattern of coniferous forests in Jasper National Park, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany. 57: 1912-1931. [18676]
224. Vincent, Dwain W. 1992. The sagebrush/grasslands of the upper Rio Puerco area, New Mexico. Rangelands. 14(5): 268-271. [19698]
226. Vogl, Richard J.; Armstrong, Wayne P.; White, Keith L.; Cole, Kenneth L. 1977. The closed-cone pines and cypress. In: Barbour, Michael G.; Major, Jack, eds. Terrestrial vegetation of California. New York: John Wiley and Sons: 295-358. [7219]
230. Wade, Dale D.; Brock, Brent L.; Brose, Patrick H.; Grace, James B.; Hoch, Greg A.; Patterson, William A., III. 2000. Fire in eastern ecosystems. In: Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler, eds. Wildland fire in ecosystems: Effects of fire on flora. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 53-96. [36983]
239. Whisenant, Steven G. 1990. Postfire population dynamics of Bromus japonicus. The American Midland Naturalist. 123: 301-308. [11150]
243. Wright, Henry A.; Bailey, Arthur W. 1982. Fire ecology: United States and southern Canada. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 501 p. [2620]
244. Wright, Henry A.; Neuenschwander, Leon F.; Britton, Carlton M. 1979. The role and use of fire in sagebrush-grass and pinyon-juniper plant communities: A state-of-the-art review. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-58. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 48 p. [2625]
245. Young, James A.; Evans, Raymond A. 1981. Demography and fire history of a western juniper stand. Journal of Range Management. 34(6): 501-505. [2659]
21. Barrett, Stephen W. 1993. FIRE REGIMES on the Clearwater and Nez Perce National Forests north-central Idaho. Final Report: Order No. 43-0276-3-0112. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. 21 p. Unpublished report on file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [41883]
22. Barrett, Stephen W.; Arno, Stephen F.; Key, Carl H. 1991. FIRE REGIMES of western larch - lodgepole pine forests in Glacier National Park, Montana. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 21: 1711-1720. [17290]
57. Crawford, Rex C.; Kagan, Jimmy. 2001. Wildlife-habitat types: 16. Shrub-steppe. In: Northwest Habitat Institute, Interactive Biodiversity Information System (IBIS) [Online]. [Adapted from Johnson, David H.; O'Neil, Thomas A., eds. Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press]. Available: http://www.nwhi.org/index/habdescriptions [2006, May 16]. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [62019]
106. Heyerdahl, Emily K.; Berry, Dawn; Agee, James K. 1994. Fire history database of the western United States. Final report. Interagency agreement: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency DW12934530; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service PNW-93-0300; University of Washington 61-2239. Seattle, WA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station; University of Washington, College of Forest Resources. 28 p. [+ appendices]. Unpublished report on file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [27979]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

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Successional Status

More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: association, codominant, cover, forbs, litter, natural, series, shrub, shrubs, succession, tree, wildfire

Wood's rose tolerates disturbed sites such as burns [96,99,100,180], is moderately shade tolerant [95,116,199,236], and occurs in several stages of succession. Wood's rose grows more vigorously and produces more fruit when growing in full sunlight [95,199].

Wood's rose is found across the successional spectrum. It is found on secondary successional sites (while the time since disturbance is not clearly stated in the research methods, the authors do note that 4 of the study plots had not been disturbed for as many as 80 years or more) in the Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir/ninebark (Physocarpus malvaceus) association in northern Idaho [45]. Wood's rose occurs in the oak-sumac chaparral "subclimax" association in the Black Hills of South Dakota [104] and occurs in mid- to late seral stands of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) along the Missouri River in southeastern South Dakota [241].

Fire: Along the Bighorn River in Wyoming, Wood's rose is codominant with western snowberry and skunkbush sumac on areas disturbed by fire [2]. Primarily following fire, but also after such disturbances as logging, mining, grazing, and recreation, Wood's rose occurs in the 2nd stage of succession in conifer forests of the White Mountains, New Mexico. The general succession on this study area following a disturbance is divided into 3 stages: (1) forbs, (2) shrubs and trees, and (3) coniferous forests. The shrub and tree stage generally begins 2 to 3 years postfire and can last up to 80 years with little variability in species composition [97]. Eight years following an "intense" wildfire in a Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forest, Wood's rose was a common species on the burn site [188]. Tehachapi rose occurs as an early successional species on burn sites on Hunter Mountain, Death Valley National Monument, California. Following a series of summer lightning fires in 1984, Tehachapi rose re-emerged on burn sites during postfire year 1 [142].

General disturbances: Wood's rose adaptation to disturbed sites is excellent [178]. It is an aggressive pioneer species in abandoned fields, road borrow pits, fence rows, field edges, gullies, and land cuts and fills [233].Along the Bighorn River in Wyoming, Wood's rose is codominant with western snowberry and skunkbush sumac on areas disturbed by fire, beavers, browsing, flooding, and bank erosion [2]. Wood's rose is an early seral species on earthen mounds created by burrowing pocket gophers in the Jackson Hole region of Wyoming [141]. The Wood's rose community type in eastern Idaho riparian areas represents a grazing disclimax [96].

Sometime from 1920 to 1925 a massive subalpine earthflow occurred in the East River Valley near Gothic, Colorado. At this site, dense Wood's rose thickets occur on both stable and unstable shale as well as on well-developed soil in fescue (Festuca ssp.) and sagebrush (Artemisia ssp.) communities. At several locations on the earthflow, Wood's rose has pioneered on bare areas devoid of vegetation [138].

Logging: Forest canopy removal seldom causes an increase or decrease in Wood's rose cover [95].

Clearcutting has little effect on Wood's rose cover. In the San Juan National Forest, southwestern Colorado, Wood's rose is an important quaking aspen understory species. In 1974, stands of quaking aspen were clearcut; at the time, cover of Wood's rose was 0.9%. Five years following clearcutting, Wood's rose cover stood at 0.8%, while cover on adjacent uncut areas remained stable at 0.9% [59].

In the Medicine Bow Mountains of southeastern Wyoming, Wood's rose shrub cover was greater in 30 to 50 year old clearcuts than in mature Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir (Picea engelmannii-Abies lasiocarpa) forests. On Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine clearcuts, Wood's rose cover was 0.67% and 0.24% in the mature forest. On Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir clearcuts, Wood's rose cover was 0.24% and 0.01% in the mature forest [196].

At the Little Missouri National Grasslands, North Dakota, approximately 40% of green ash and American elm (Ulmus americana) trees were cut down on twelve 0.2 acre (.08 ha) plots to open up the canopy. On sites where trees were cut, Wood's rose average plant height increased 48% [32].

Riparian areas: In riparian areas of central and eastern Montana, the Wood's rose community type commonly represents a disturbance-induced seral stage of the green ash/chokecherry habitat type or the boxelder (Acer negundo) /chokecherry habitat type [100].

In the eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, Rush Creek was diverted around 1915, which caused substantial dewatering in the natural stream bed. Dewatering of Rush Creek facilitated dominance of Wood's rose in this area. Wood's rose dominance was correlated (r = 0.42) with abundance of woody litter, indicating that Wood's rose dominance occurred in areas where obligate woody riparian species had died [208].

Wood's rose occurs in early to late seral riparian communities of the lower Yellowstone River, Montana [29]. On sites in the lower Yellowstone River Basin, where peachleaf willow (Salix amygdaloides) and narrowleaf willow have begun to thin after roughly 100 years of dominance, Wood's rose and western snowberry gain dominance [31].

Wood's rose dominated sites in riparian/wetland areas of northwestern Montana likely represent a disturbance-induced seral stage of the interior ponderosa pine/red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) and Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir/ red-osier dogwood habitat types [30].

References:

99. Hansen, Paul L.; Chadde, Steve W.; Pfister, Robert D. 1988. Riparian dominance types of Montana. Misc. Publ. No. 49. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station. 411 p. [5660]
2. Akashi, Yoshiko. 1988. Riparian vegetation dynamics along the Bighorn River, Wyoming. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming. 245 p. Thesis. [39266]
29. Boggs, Keith Webster. 1984. Succession in riparian communities of the lower Yellowstone River, Montana. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 107 p. Thesis. [7245]
30. Boggs, Keith; Hansen, Paul; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in northwestern Montana. Draft Version 1. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 217 p. [8447]
31. Boggs, Keith; Weaver, T. 1992. Response of riparian shrubs to declining water availability. In: Clary, Warren P.; McArthur, E. Durant; Bedunah, Don; Wambolt, Carl L., comps. Proceedings--symposium on ecology and management of riparian shrub communities; 1991 May 29-31; Sun Valley, ID. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-289. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 48-51. [19094]
32. Boldt, Charles E.; Uresk, Daniel W.; Severson, Kieth E. 1979. Riparian woodlands in jeopardy on Northern High Plains. In: Johnson, R. Roy; McCormick, J. Frank, tech. coords. Strategies for protection and management of floodplain wetlands and other riparian ecosystems: Proceedings of the symposium; 1978 December 11-13; Callaway Gardens, GA. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-12. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 184-189. [4359]
45. Cholewa, Anita F.; Johnson, Frederic D. 1983. Secondary succession in the Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus association. Northwest Science. 57(4): 273-282. [11402]
59. Crouch, Glenn L. 1983. Effects of commercial clearcutting of aspen on understory vegetation and wildlife habitat values in southwestern Colorado. Res. Pap. RM-246. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 8 p. [3200]
95. Haeussler, S.; Coates, D.; Mather, J. 1990. Autecology of common plants in British Columbia: A literature review. Economic and Regional Development Agreement: FRDA Report 158. Victoria, BC: Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch. 272 p. [18033]
96. Hall, James B.; Hansen, Paul L. 1997. A preliminary riparian habitat type classification system for the Bureau of Land Management districts in southern and eastern Idaho. Tech. Bull. No. 97-11. Boise, ID: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management; Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Riparian and Wetland Research Program. 381 p. [28173]
97. Hanks, Jess P.; Dick-Peddie, W. A. 1974. Vegetation patterns of the White Mountains, New Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist. 18(4): 371-382. [4635]
100. Hansen, Paul; Boggs, Keith; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in central and eastern Montana. Draft Version 2. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 279 p. [12477]
104. Hayward, Herman E. 1928. Studies of plants in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Botanical Gazette. 85(4): 353-412. [1110]
116. Hungerford, Roger D. 1984. Native shrubs: suitability for revegetating road cuts in northwestern Montana. Res. Pap. INT-331. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 13 p. [1220]
138. Langenheim, Jean H. 1956. Plant succession on a subalpine earthflow in Colorado. Ecology. 37(2): 301-317. [50443]
141. Laycock, William A. 1958. The initial pattern of revegetation of pocket gopher mounds. Ecology. 39(2): 346-351. [60157]
142. Leary, Patrick J. 1988. Plant succession after fire, Hunter Mountain, Death Valley National Monument. Report No. 034/06. Las Vegas, NV: University of Nevada, Department of Biological Sciences, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. 30 p. [14926]
178. Platts, William S.; Armour, Carl; Booth, Gordon D.; Bryant, Mason; Bufford, Judith L.; Cuplin, Paul; Jensen, Sherman; Lienkaemper, George W.; Minshall, G. Wayne; Monsen, Stephen B.; Nelson, Roger L.; Sedell, James R.; Tuhy, Joel S. 1987. Methods for evaluating riparian habitats with applications to management. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-221. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 177 p. [6171]
180. Plummer, A. Perry. 1977. Revegetation of disturbed Intermountain area sites. In: Thames, J. C., ed. Reclamation and use of disturbed lands of the Southwest. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press: 302-337. [27411]
188. Roppe, Jerry A.; Hein, Dale. 1978. Effects of fire on wildlife in a lodgepole pine forest. The Southwestern Naturalist. 23(2): 279-287. [261]
196. Selmants, Paul C.; Knight, Dennis H. 2003. Understory plant species composition 30-50 years after clearcutting in southeastern Wyoming coniferous forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 185: 275-289. [46096]
199. Shaw, Nancy L.; Monsen, Stephen B.; Stevens, Richard. 2004. Rosaceous shrubs. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Stevens, Richard; Shaw, Nancy L. Restoring western ranges and wildlands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-136-vol-2. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 539-596. [52845]
208. Stromberg, Julie C.; Patten, Duncan T. 1989. Early recovery of an eastern Sierra Nevada riparian system after 40 years of stream diversion. In: Abell, Dana L., tech. coord. Proceedings of the California riparian systems conference: Protection, management, and restoration for the 1990's; 1988 September 22-24; Davis, CA. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-110. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station: 399-404. [13770]
233. Wasser, Clinton H. 1982. Ecology and culture of selected species useful in revegetating disturbed lands in the West. FWS/OBS-82/56. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 347 p. [15400]
236. Welch, Bruce L. 2004. Rosa woodsii. In: Francis, John K., ed. Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories: thamnic descriptions: volume 1. Gen. Tech. Rep. IITF-GTR-26. San Juan, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry; Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 649-651. [52242]
241. Wilson, Roger E. 1970. Succession in stands of Populus deltoides along the Missouri River in southeastern South Dakota. The American Midland Naturalist. 83(2): 330-342. [25441]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

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Regeneration Processes

More info for the terms: breeding system, layering, monoecious, perfect, root crown

Wood's rose regenerates via seeds and vegetatively from the root crown [95,116,227,236], by root suckering [78], and layering [236].

Pollination: Wood's rose is pollinated by insects [161].

Breeding system: Wood's rose has perfect flowers and a monoecious breeding system [161,203,211].

Seed production: Wood's roses first flower and produce seeds when they are 2 to 5 years old. Good seed crops generally occur every 1 to 2 years [95,199,236]. In North Dakota, 1 Wood's rose stem produced approximately 200 seeds [205].

Seed dispersal: The seeds of Wood's rose are primarily dispersed by birds and mammals [30,95].

In a controlled study, Wood's rose seeds fed to cattle had the highest rate of recovery (86%) and viability (77.4%) of 7 species following digestion and secretion. The other species were common snowberry, purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea), western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii), green needlegrass, upright prairie coneflower (Ratibida columnifera), and bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) [69].

Wood's rose seeds are dispersed by water on the North Fork of the Cache La Poudre River and South Boulder Creek, Colorado. Seed catchments were put in place from June to August on the North Fork and from May to August on South Boulder Creek, both of which are dammed. On the North Fork, upstream and downstream from the dam, 2.0% and 1.0%, respectively, of all seeds collected were from the family Rosaceae (including Wood's rose). On South Boulder Creek, upstream and downstream from the dam, 1.0% and 1.0%, respectively, of all seeds collected were from the family Rosaceae [160].

Seed banking: Wood's rose forms a seed bank [95] and seeds remain viable for 16 or more years in the field [122,198].

Germination: Wood's rose seeds require scarification and/or stratification for germination to occur [95]. A germination study by a commercial nursery in Canada found that an alternating warm/cold stratification method produced the best germination rate. Wood's rose seeds were warm stratified at 68 Â°F (20 Â°C) for 60 days, followed by 90 days at 37 Â°F (3 Â°C) which produced a 45% germination rate [145]. In another study an identical warm/cold stratification method was used and produced a germination rate of 49% [161]. Shaw [198] claims that Wood's rose seeds cold, dry stratified at 32 ÂºF to 50 ÂºF (0-10 ÂºC) for 30 to 365 days can produce a germination rate of 70%.

Seedling establishment/growth: Wood's rose seedlings and plants 2 to 3 years old grow "slowly" [81].

Asexual regeneration: Wood's rose sprouts from the root crown [95,116,227,236], produces root suckers [78], and regenerates by layering [236]. Langenheim [138] suggests that Wood's rose spreads by rhizomes, but this is not supported by more recent literature.

References:

30. Boggs, Keith; Hansen, Paul; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in northwestern Montana. Draft Version 1. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 217 p. [8447]
69. Douchette, K. M.; Wittenberg, K. M.; McCaughey, W. P. 2001. Seed recovery and germination of reseeded species fed cattle. Journal of Range Management. 54(5): 575-581. [39414]
78. Evenden, Angela G. 1989. Ecology and distribution of riparian vegetation in the Trout Creek Mountains of southeastern Oregon. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 156 p. Dissertation. [10231]
81. Ferguson, Robert B. 1983. Use of rosaceous shrubs for wildland plantings in the Intermountain West. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Shaw, Nancy, comps. Managing Intermountain rangelands--improvement of range and wildlife habitats; Proceedings of symposia; 1981 September 15-17; Twin Falls, ID; 1982 June 22-24; Elko, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-157. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 136-149. [915]
95. Haeussler, S.; Coates, D.; Mather, J. 1990. Autecology of common plants in British Columbia: A literature review. Economic and Regional Development Agreement: FRDA Report 158. Victoria, BC: Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch. 272 p. [18033]
116. Hungerford, Roger D. 1984. Native shrubs: suitability for revegetating road cuts in northwestern Montana. Res. Pap. INT-331. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 13 p. [1220]
122. Jorgensen, Kent R.; Stevens, Richard. 2004. Seed collection, cleaning, and storage. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Stevens, Richard; Shaw, Nancy L., comps. Restoring western ranges and wildlands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-136-vol-3. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 699-716. [42398]
138. Langenheim, Jean H. 1956. Plant succession on a subalpine earthflow in Colorado. Ecology. 37(2): 301-317. [50443]
145. Macdonald, Bruce. 1990. Ornamental native plants of British Columbia: their selection, propagation, and introduction. Proceedings, International Plant Propagators' Society. 39: 243-249. [49460]
160. Merritt, David M.; Wohl, Ellen E. 2006. Plant dispersal along rivers fragmented by dams. River Research and Applications. 22: 1-26. [61821]
198. Shaw, N. 1984. Producing bareroot seedlings of native shrubs. In: Murphy, P. M., comp. The challenge of producing native plants for the Intermountain area: Proceedings, Intermountain Nurseryman's Association conference; 1983 August 8-11; Las Vegas, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-168. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 6-15. [6850]
199. Shaw, Nancy L.; Monsen, Stephen B.; Stevens, Richard. 2004. Rosaceous shrubs. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Stevens, Richard; Shaw, Nancy L. Restoring western ranges and wildlands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-136-vol-2. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 539-596. [52845]
203. Stephens, H. A. 1973. Woody plants of the North Central Plains. Lawrence, KS: The University Press of Kansas. 530 p. [3804]
205. Stevens, O. A. 1957. Weights of seeds and numbers per plant. Weeds. 5: 46-55. [44071]
211. Stubbendieck, James; Hatch, Stephan L.; Butterfield, Charles H. 1992. North American range plants. 4th ed. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 493 p. [25162]
227. Vose, James M.; White, Alan S. 1987. Processes of understory seedling recruitment 1 year after prescribed fire in an Arizona ponderosa pine community. Canadian Journal of Botany. 65: 2280-2290. [4053]
236. Welch, Bruce L. 2004. Rosa woodsii. In: Francis, John K., ed. Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories: thamnic descriptions: volume 1. Gen. Tech. Rep. IITF-GTR-26. San Juan, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry; Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 649-651. [52242]
161. Meyer, Susan E. [In press]. Rosa L. -- rose, briar [Online]. In: Bonner, Franklin T.; Nisley, Rebecca G.; Karrfait, R. P.; coords. Woody plant seed manual. Agric. Handbook 727. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (Producer). Available: http://www.nsl.fs.fed.us/wpsm/Rosa.pdf [2006, June 13]. [62281]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

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Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)

More info on this topic.

More info for the term: phanerophyte

RAUNKIAER [184] LIFE FORM:
Phanerophyte

References:

184. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

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Life Form

More info for the term: shrub

Shrub

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

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Cyclicity

Phenology

More info on this topic.

Wood's rose growth starts in early spring [211]. The flowering periods for Wood's rose in several states and the Great Plains are presented below:

State/Region Flowering period Alaska July [223] California May to July [51] Southern California 3rd week of March until 3rd week of May [76] Texas May to July [181] Utah May to August [3,90] Great Plains May to July [92]

In California, interior rose flowers from June to August and Tehachapi rose flowers from April to August [169].

The flowering sequence for Wood's rose was recorded over a 13-year period near Swift Current, Saskatchewan. For the study period, the mean 1st flowering date was 14 June. The earliest and latest date of 1st flowering was 24 May and 30 June, respectively. The mean flowering period in days was 62 and the latest that Wood's rose remained in flower was 9 September [35].

In the northern Great Plains near Woodsworth, North Dakota, Wood's rose earliest and latest 1st bloom were 29 May and 25 June, respectively, during the 1979 to 1984 growing seasons. Wood's rose completed 95% of flowering on average by 5 July and stayed in flower for 21 days [40].

References:

92. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]
3. Allman, Verl Phillips. 1953. A preliminary study of the vegetation in an exclosure in the chaparral of the Wasatch Mountains, Utah. Utah Academy Proceedings. 30: 63-78. [9096]
35. Budd, A. C.; Campbell, J. B. 1959. Flowering sequence of a local flora. Journal of Range Management. 12: 127-132. [552]
40. Callow, J. Michael; Kantrud, Harold A.; Higgins, Kenneth F. 1992. First flowering dates and flowering periods of prairie plants at Woodworth, North Dakota. Prairie Naturalist. 24(2): 57-64. [20450]
51. Conrad, C. Eugene. 1987. Common shrubs of chaparral and associated ecosystems of southern California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-99. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 86 p. [4209]
76. Erlanson, Eileen Whitehead. 1934. Experimental data for a revision of the North American wild roses. Botanical Gazette. 96(2): 197-259. [12434]
90. Goodrich, Sherel; Neese, Elizabeth. 1986. Uinta Basin flora. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ashley National Forest; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Vernal District. 320 p. [23307]
169. Munz, Philip A. 1974. A flora of southern California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1086 p. [4924]
181. Powell, A. Michael. 1988. Trees and shrubs of Trans-Pecos Texas: Including Big Bend and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks. Big Bend National Park, TX: Big Bend Natural History Association. 536 p. [6130]
211. Stubbendieck, James; Hatch, Stephan L.; Butterfield, Charles H. 1992. North American range plants. 4th ed. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 493 p. [25162]
223. Viereck, Leslie A.; Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1972. Alaska trees and shrubs. Agric. Handb. 410. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 265 p. [6884]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

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Conservation Status

Information on state-level protected status of plants in the United States is available at Plants Database.

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/

Management

Management considerations

More info for the terms: cover, density, frequency

Grazing:

Wood's rose is strongly grazing tolerant, but can be dwarfed and thinned by intense browsing [96].
Research on the effects of Wood's rose browsing are mixed.

In the following studies, browsing caused a decrease in Wood's rose:

Short-term, intense livestock browsing (5 AUM/ha)
caused significant (p<0.05) decrease in Wood's rose/prickly rose density and height postfire years 5 and
6 in the quaking aspen parklands of Alberta. Following a 1979 fire, cattle were placed on burn sites in an
attempt to control woody species. In postfire years 5 and 6, Wood's rose/prickly rose density (stems/mÂ²)
decreased to 7.8, down from 24.7 in postfire year 2. The height of Wood's rose/prickly rose during postfire
years 5 and 6 was 12.6 inches (32 cm) on early-browsed (soon after emergence of suckers regenerating forest
species) sites, 11 inches (28 cm) on late-browsed (just prior to leaf fall) sites, and 26 inches (67 cm) on
ungrazed sites [18].

Summer livestock grazing in Cache County, Utah, caused a substantial decrease in Wood's rose hips per plant.
On sites grazed, Wood's rose plants averaged 2.5 hips/plant, but averaged 15 hips/plant on ungrazed sites [237].

In the following, the exclusion of cattle browsing facilitated an increase in Wood's rose:

The exclusion of livestock browsing of Wood's rose caused a significant (researchers consider p<0.10
significant in this study) decrease in cover in Red Butte Canyon and a small increase in cover in Emigration
Canyon in the mountain brush zone of Utah. At Red Butte Canyon, cattle browsing was excluded in 1905 and
exclusion occurred in 1957 at Emigration Canyon. From 1935 to 1983, Wood's rose cover decreased from 2.9%
to 0.2% in Red Butte Canyon and increased from 0.8% to 1.3% in Emigration Canyon [17].

At Pole Canyon in the Wasatch Mountain Range of Utah, the exclusion of cattle led to an increase in Wood's
rose. In 1949, the last year that cattle grazing was allowed, Wood's rose frequency was 2.3%. By 1958, Wood's
rose frequency more than doubled to 5.3% [172].

The following citations indicate that cattle browsing may facilitate an increase in Wood's rose:

In Montana riparian areas dominated by eastern cottonwood/red-osier dogwood, Wood's rose will increase
under "moderate" grazing, corresponding with a decrease in red-osier dogwood, chokecherry,
western snowberry, Saskatoon serviceberry, and various currant (Ribes ssp.) Prolonged
"moderate" to "heavy" grazing may lead to the dominance of Wood's rose [98].
Fall cattle grazing in the Wallowa Mountains of Oregon facilitated an increase in standing biomass
of Wood's rose/common snowberry combined at the end of the 2nd year of grazing. The riparian area was
stocked at a rate of 1.3 to 1.7 ha/AUM. In year
2, standing biomass on grazed sites was 3,987 kg/ha and 3,213 kg/ha on ungrazed sites [125].

In the Little Missouri Badlands of southwestern North Dakota, Wood's rose responded more favorably to
"moderate" grazing than "light" grazing. The cover and density for Wood's rose on
moderately grazed sites was 9.77% and 19.70 stems/ha, respectively. The cover and density of Wood's rose
on lightly grazed sites was 2.30% and 0.50 stems/ha, respectively [39].

Herbicides:
Sites infested with spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) in Missoula County, Montana, were
treated with picloram, clopyralid, and 2,4-D. Wood's rose occurred on 2 of the 4 sites treated and
was not affected (positively or negatively) by the herbicides [186].

A quaking aspen-balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera) forest in a
northeastern Saskatchewan was treated with 2,4-D, 2,4-D + picloram, and glyphosate at several
concentrations. Wood's rose was significantly (p<0.05) damaged by the herbicide treatments
[229].

Host species:
Wood's rose is a host to the fungus Cronartium comandrae in the Wood River District,
Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming. C. comandrae causes comandra blister rust disease
in hard pines across much of Canada and the United States [246].

Invasive Species: Wood's rose is not negatively
affected by leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). In the Theodore Roosevelt
National Park, North Dakota, Wood's rose occurrence is 17% greater on sites
infested by leafy spurge than in areas not infested [38].

References:

96. Hall, James B.; Hansen, Paul L. 1997. A preliminary riparian habitat type classification system for the Bureau of Land Management districts in southern and eastern Idaho. Tech. Bull. No. 97-11. Boise, ID: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management; Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Riparian and Wetland Research Program. 381 p. [28173]
17. Austin, Dennis D.; Urness, Philip J.; Riggs, Robert. 1986. Vegetal change in the absence of livestock grazing, mountain brush zone, Utah. Journal of Range Management. 39(6): 514-517; 1986. [365]
18. Bailey, A. W.; Irving, B. D.; Fitzgerald, R. D. 1990. Regeneration of woody species following burning and grazing in aspen parkland. Journal of Range Management. 43(3): 212-215. [11775]
38. Butler, Jack L.; Cogan, Daniel R. 2004. Leafy spurge effects on patterns of plant species richness. Journal of Range Management. 57(3): 305-311. [49818]
39. Butler, Jack; Goetz, Harold. 1984. Influence of livestock on the composition and structure of green ash communities in the Northern Great Plains. In: Noble, Daniel L.; Winokur, Robert P., eds. Wooded draws: characteristics and values for the Northern Great Plains: Symposium proceedings; 1984 June 12-13; Rapid City, SD. Great Plains Agricultural Council Publication No. 111. Rapid City, SD: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Biology Department: 44-49. [572]
98. Hansen, Paul L.; Boggs, Keith; Pfister, Robert D.; Joy, John; Cook, Brad. 1994. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in Montana. In: Hamre, R. H., ed. Workshop on western wetlands and riparian areas: public/private efforts in recovery, management, and education: Proceedings; 1993 September 9-11; Snowbird, UT. Boulder, CO: Thorne Ecological Institute: 1-17. [27800]
125. Kauffman, J. Boone; Krueger, W. C.; Vavra, M. 1983. Effects of late season cattle grazing on riparian plant communities. Journal of Range Management. 36(6): 685-691. [16965]
172. Nixon, Elray S. 1967. A comparative study of the mountain brush vegetation in Utah. The Great Basin Naturalist. 27(2): 59-66. [9099]
186. Rice, P. M.; Toney, J. C. 1996. Plant population responses to broadcast herbicide applications for spotted knapweed control. Down to Earth. 51(2): 14-19. [27754]
229. Waddington, John; Bittman, Shabtai. 1987. Control of brush regrowth in northeastern Saskatchewan by several concentrations of herbicides applied with a roller. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 67: 467-475. [3833]
237. Welch, Bruce L.; Andrus, Dean. 1977. Rose hips--a possible high-energy food for wintering mule deer. Res. Note INT-221. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 5 p. [5519]
246. Zentz, W. R.; Jacobi, W. R. 1989. Ecology of Comandra umbellata (Santalaceae) in western Wyoming. The Great Basin Naturalist. 49(4): 650-655. [9907]

Source:

USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service

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NatureServe

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Source:
ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.138351

Classification

Other Global Common Names:

Woods' rose

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Taxonomy:

Informal Taxonomy:

Plants, Vascular - Flowering Plants - Rose Family

Formal Taxonomy:

Plantae - Anthophyta - Dicotyledoneae - Rosales - Rosaceae - Rosa

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Global Status Last Reviewed:

1991-08-08

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1991-08-08

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Rosa woodsii

Woods' Rose

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Rosa woodsii

Woods' Rose

Data Sources

Table of Contents

Distribution

States or Provinces

Regional Distribution in the Western United States

Distribution

Morphology

Description

Habitat

Habitat characteristics

Key Plant Community Associations

Habitat: Rangeland Cover Types

Habitat: Cover Types

Habitat: Plant Associations

Habitat: Ecosystem

General Ecology

Fire Management Considerations

Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire

Plant Response to Fire

Immediate Effect of Fire

Post-fire Regeneration

Fire Ecology

Successional Status

Regeneration Processes

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Life Form

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