Rubus idaeus

"Notes: Western Ghats, Cultivated, Native North Temperate Regions"

Rubus idaeus L.:
China (Asia)
United States (North America)
Russian Federation (Asia)
Japan (Asia)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Hebei, S Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Japan, Russia; Europe, North America].

Shrubs 1–2 m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown, terete, sparsely tomentose when young, with sparse prickles, without stalked glands. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–7-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate; petiole 3–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet ca. 1 cm, petiolule and rachis tomentose, with sparse, minute prickles, without glandular hairs; stipules linear, pubescent; blade of leaflets narrowly ovate or elliptic, often ovate on terminal leaflet, 3–8 × 1.5–4.5 cm, abaxially densely tomentose, adaxially glabrous or pilose, base rounded, sometimes subcordate on terminal leaflet, margin unevenly coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, sometimes lobed on terminal leaflet, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, short racemes, rarely several flowers in clusters in leaf axils; rachis, pedicels, and abaxial surface of calyx densely tomentose, with dense or sparse, needle-like prickles, without glandular hairs; bracts linear, soft hairy. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Sepals erect, ovate-lanceolate, margin gray tomentose, apex caudate. Petals white, spatulate, puberulous or glabrous, base broadly clawed. Stamens many, shorter than petals; filaments broadened and flattened. Pistils shorter than stamens; ovary and base of style densely gray tomentose. Aggregate fruit red or orange, subglobose, 1–1.4 cm in diam. densely shortly tomentose; pyrenes prominently pitted. 2n = 14*.

Forests, forest margins, thickets, valleys, slopes, meadows, roadsides, waste places; 500--2500 m.

Foodplant / gall
Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes gall of stem (esp. base) of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / sap sucker
Amphorophora idaei sucks sap of live leaf of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 3-

Foodplant / gall
solitary, hypophyllous Amphorophora rubi causes gall of live, curled leaf of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / sap sucker
Aphis idaei sucks sap of live lateral (fruiting) of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: spring-early summer

Foodplant / spot causer
Arabis Mosaic virus causes spots on live leaf of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Arge gracilicornis grazes on leaf of Rubus idaeus
Other: major host/prey

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / pathogen
Armillaria mellea s.l. infects and damages Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / feeds on
aggregated, immersed pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta idaei feeds on live branch of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 2-6

Foodplant / spot causer
scattered, immersed, minute pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta pallor causes spots on live branch of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Batophila rubi grazes on leaf of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked apothecium of Brunnipila clandestina is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / feeds on
adult of Byturus tomentosus feeds on live flower of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Claremontia alternipes grazes on leaf of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, single or paired, beneath clypeus perthecium of Clypeosphaeria mamillana is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: (1)2-3

Foodplant / parasite
epiphyllous, superficial, solitary or clustered pseudothecium of Coleroa chaetomium parasitises live leaf of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / saprobe
gregarious, immersed pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Cryptodiaporthe vepris is saprobic on dead petiole of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 1-5

Foodplant / spot causer
Cryptosporium coelomycetous anamorph of Cryptosporium minimum causes spots on damaged leaf of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / spot causer
Didymella applanata causes spots on live stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 8
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / spot causer
epiphyllous, few, brownish-black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Discostroma corticola causes spots on fading (esp overwintering) leaf of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 2-4
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / spot causer
immersed stroma of Elsino causes spots on live leaf of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 5-10
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Empria longicornis grazes on leaf of Rubus idaeus
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Empria tridens grazes on leaf of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Exidiopsis calcea is saprobic on dead stem (woody) of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / pathogen
immersed pycnidium of Hapalosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph of Hapalosphaeria deformans infects and damages live flower of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Hartigia nigra feeds within stem of Rubus idaeus
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Helico

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent pseudothecium of Herpotrichia herpotrichoides is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 2-6

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Hyalopeziza millepunctata is saprobic on dead twig of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 10-6

Foodplant / saprobe
subsessile apothecium of Lachnum bicolor var. rubi is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 7-8

Foodplant / internal feeder
caterpillar of Lampronia rubiella feeds within live bud of Rubus idaeus
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / pathogen
Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph of Leptosphaeria coniothyrium infects and damages live stem (fruiting, at soil level) of Rubus idaeus
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Leptosphaeria praetermissa is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 4-7

Foodplant / feeds on
Lepyrus capucinus feeds on Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Lophiotrema curreyi is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 3-5

Foodplant / miner
larva of Metallus albipes mines wild or cultivated leaf of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / miner
larva of Metallus pumilus mines wild or cultivated leaf of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / saprobe
perithecium of Nectria mammoidea var. rubi is saprobic on stem-root junction of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 7-8

Foodplant / feeds on
Otiorhynchus clavipes feeds on Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / feeds on
adult of Otiorhynchus singularis feeds on live Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / roller
larva of Pamphilius hortorum rolls leaf of Rubus idaeus
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
effuse, hypophyllous colony of Peronospora rubi parasitises leaf of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / saprobe
swarming, subsessile apothecium of Phialina separabilis is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 9-1

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph of Phoma idaei is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Phomopsis muelleri is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 2-3

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Phragmidium rubi-idaei parasitises leaf of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 5-10

Foodplant / feeds on
subterranean larva of Phyllopertha horticola feeds on live root of Rubus idaeus
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
Podosphaera aphanis parasitises live leaf of Rubus idaeus
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Priophorus brullei grazes on leaf of Rubus idaeus
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent apothecium of Pyrenopeziza rubi is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / pathogen
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf virus infects and damages crumbly berry of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / pathogen
Raspberry Mosaic viruses infects and damages Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / pathogen
Raspberry Ringspot virus infects and damages crumbly berry of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Resseliella theobaldi feeds within live bark of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: summer-autumn

Foodplant / pathogen
Rubus Stunt phytoplasma infects and damages short, feeble canes (new) of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial thyriothecium of Schizothyrium speireum is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 5

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent, becoming superficial apothecium of Stictis friabilis is saprobic on dead bark of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 6-9

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Stypella mirabilis is saprobic on dead, fallen stem of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed perthecium of Sydowiella depressula is saprobic on dead stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 6-8

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Taxonus agrorum grazes on leaf of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / spot causer
Tomato Black Ring virus causes spots on crumbly berry of Rubus idaeus

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph of Triposporium elegans is saprobic on dead, often grey or purple stained stem of Rubus idaeus
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
acervulus of Truncatella coelomycetous anamorph of Truncatella laurocerasi is saprobic on dead leaf of Rubus idaeus

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 24
Specimens with Barcodes: 30
Species With Barcodes: 1

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

Please consult the Plants Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status, such as, state noxious status and wetland indicator values.

Materials are available through commercial nurseries. Contact your local Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly Soil Conservation Service) office for more information. Look in the phone book under ”United States Government.” The Natural Resources Conservation Service will be listed under the subheading “Department of Agriculture.”

Ethnobotanic: A tea was made from the leaves and used in the treatment of diarrhea and as an aid in childbirth (Moerman 1998). The tea has also been known to relieve painful menstrual cramps (Ibid.). Externally, the leaves and roots are used as a gargle to treat tonsillitis and mouth inflammations, sores, minor wounds, burns and varicose ulcers (Brown 1995). Europeans in the 17^th century regarded the raspberries as an antispasmodic and they made a syrup of the juice which they employed to prevent vomiting (Readers Digest 1990). In the 18^th century physicians and herbalists deemed the berries useful as a remedy for heart disease (Ibid). Red raspberries are eaten fresh or in jams and jellies, or added to pies and other baked goods, candies and dairy products to add flavor. Purple to dull blue dye was obtained from the fruit.

Wildlife: American red raspberry provides food and cover for many wildlife species. Grouse, birds, raccoons, coyotes, squirrels, skunks, and chipmunks eat the fruits. Raspberry thickets provide shelter for rabbits and squirrels and service as a nesting spot for many birds.