Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.
Estimated Number of Occurrences: > 300
Comments: In the Cumberland Plateau it is in tributaries of the Tennessee River eastward to Sequatchie Valley in Alabama and lower tributaries of the Black Warrior and probably Sipsey (Tombigbee basin) River systems (Bouchard, 1974). In Alabama, it is known from all river systems except the Cahaba, Tallapoosa, Perdido, and Chattahootchee (Mirarchi et al., 2004, app. 1.2, pub. separately; Schuster and Taylor, 2004; Schuster et al., 2008). Heath et al. (2010) documented it in southeastern Alabama in 3 of 50 sites (eastern edge of Choctawhatchee River watershed only). In Kentucky, it is commonly in most aquatic habitats west of the lower Cumberland River and sporadic in the middle and lower Green River drainage; also introduced in the Pond Creek drainage, Jefferson Co., ponds in the Bluegrass Army Depot and Central Kentucky WMA in Madison Co., and Minor Clark Fish State Hatchery in Rowan Co. (Taylor and Scuster, 2004). In Missouri, it is throughout the Lowland Faunal Region, into adjacent Ozarks, and northward along the Mississippi River flood plain to Clark Co.; with isolated populations along the Chariton River in Schuyler Co. and Grand River in Livingston Co. (Pflieger, 1996). In Kansas, it is in one locality in Cherokee Co. (Ghedotti, 1998). In Ohio it entered in the northwest corner postglacially and is in the northwest portion and likely throughout the Maumee, Portage and Sandusky basins and Grand River (Thoma and Jezerinac, 2000). In Indiana, it is limited to lowland streams in the Patoka River drainage in Pikeand Dubois Cos. (Simon et al., 2005) but mostly in small streams from caves and karst springs (Simon and Thoma, 2003). It was recently added to West Virginia based on 6 specimens from east of Point Pleasant, Mason Co. in vernal pools (Kanawha floodplain) (Loughman, 2007) and a ditch nearby (Loughman and Welsh, (2010). Recently it was found at several sites in the Catawba River and tributaries in North Carolina and extending into South Carolina to the Wateree drainage (Alderman, 2005) but is native to all Coastal Plain and eastern Piedmont basins (Cooper, 2005) and introduced in the Watauga, French Broad,and Broad (Simmons and Fraley, 2010). In South Carolina, it is throughout much of the coastal plain and piedmont (Eversole and Jones, 2004). Hobbs et al. (1976) documented it in the Savannah River Plant Park (on Savannah River) in southwest South Carolina. In Maryland, it is throughout the Coastal Plain in most tributaries on the Delmarva Peninsula and below the fall line in western tributaries to Chesapeake Bay and the lower Potomac River with two recent introductions in the Piedmont (Kilian et al., 2010) plus introductions in Deep Creek Lake and Youghiogheny Lake in the Appalachian Plateau (Loughman, 2010). It was reported in New Jersey (as P. blandingi blandingi) from Atlantic (3 localities), Burlington (2 localities), Cumberland (3 localities), Essex (1 locality), Gloucester (4 localities), Mercer (5 localities), Middlesex (2 localities), Ocean (3 localities), Passaic (1 locality), and Salem (4 localities) Cos.; plus 6 unconfirmed localities. Horowitz and Flinders (2004) found it uncommon (2 of 15 stations) in the Piedmont, Ridge and Valley and Highlands regions of New Jersey. It has been widely introduced and is questionably native or exotic in southern New England but is restricted to from the Pawcatuck drainage (eastern Connecticut) through the Blackstone system (Rhode Island) east through all southeastern coastal drainages, including Cape Cod but not north of the Charles River basin; and outside this range in the Spicket River in Methuen (Merrimack River drainage), a few tributaries in the Northampton and Amherst vicinity (Mill River in Connecticut River drainage), and the Millers River in Ashburnham (Connecticut River drainage); all in Massachusetts (Smith, 1982; 2000). An introduced population occurs in California in Escondido Creek in San Diego Co. (Bouchard, 1977).
