Malus sylvestris

India Biodiversity Portal

Rights Holder:

India Biodiversity Portal

Distribution

"Kerala: Idukki Tamil Nadu: Dindigul, Nilgiri"

Source:

License:

Missouri Botanical Garden

Rights Holder:

India Biodiversity Portal

Localities documented in Tropicos sources

Malus sylvestris Mill.:
United States (North America)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Bolivia (South America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

References:

Killeen, T. J., E. García Estigarribia & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 1993. Guia Arb. Bolivia 1–958. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia & Missouri Botanical Garden, La Paz.
Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
Molina Rosito, A. 1975. Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19(1): 1–118.
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Source:

License:

Rights Holder:

Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA

Range Description

M. sylvestris is native to many parts of northern, middle, east, southeastern and southwestern Europe (USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program 2010).

Knowledge of its national distribution in Europe is as follows:

Finland: occurs in the southwest.
Norway: scattered in the north; more common in south.
Slovakia: common throughout the country (Marhold 1992).
Netherlands: widespread (Mennema et al. 1985).
Portugal: only in the north.
Spain: widespread.
France: widespread throughout the most of the country but not recorded in the departments of Paris and Seine-Saint-Denis in the north, Rhône to the east or Lot-et-Garonne to the southwest (Association Tela Botanica 2000–2010).
United Kingdom: widespread throughout the whole of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland, although its distribution is patchy in northern Scotland (Preston et al. 2002).
Ireland: widespread throughout the whole of the country (Preston et al. 2002).

Source:

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

Rights Holder:

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

Source:

NatureServe

License:

Rights Holder:

NatureServe

In Finland, this species grows in rocky, herb-rich forests, waterfront thickets and forests and rich meadows—it favours limy soil (H. Korpelainen pers. comm. 2010). In the United Kingdom and Ireland it grows in hedgerows, scrub, copses, roadsides and also on rough ground (Preston et al. 2002), while in the Netherlands, it grows in forests and shrubwoods on humid and moderately fertile soils (Tamis et al. 2003). Where the species grows in forest margins, it has to compete with taller forest species. In Iberia, it grows from sea level to 1,800 m, in Germany the maximum altitude is 1,000 m, while in Norway it is 550 m.

Systems

Terrestrial

Source:

License:

BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK)

Rights Holder:

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Associations

Foodplant / open feeder
caterpillar of Abraxas grossulariata grazes on live leaf of Malus sylvestris sens.str.
Remarks: season: 4-6
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
caterpillar of Acronicta psi grazes on live leaf of Malus sylvestris sens.str.

Foodplant / open feeder
caterpillar of Euproctis similis grazes on live leaf of Malus sylvestris sens.str.

Foodplant / open feeder
caterpillar of Orgyia antiqua grazes on live leaf of Malus sylvestris sens.str.
Remarks: season: -7/8

Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Phytomyza heringiana may be found in leaf-mine of Malus sylvestris sens.str.

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Resupinatus applicatus is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Malus sylvestris sens.str.
Other: minor host/prey

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / hemiparasite
haustorium of Viscum album is hemiparasitic on branch of Malus sylvestris sens.str.

Source:

License:

BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK)

Rights Holder:

BioImages

Associations

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Entoloma clypeatum parasitises live root of Malus sylvestris sens. lat.
Remarks: season: 4-6
Other: minor host/prey

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / spot causer
epiphyllous, more or less concentric pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph of Phyllosticta destructiva causes spots on live leaf of Malus sylvestris sens. lat.
Remarks: season: 7-8

Source:

License:

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

Rights Holder:

BioImages

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Malus sylvestris

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

Source:

License:

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

Rights Holder:

Barcode of Life Data Systems

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Malus sylvestris

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 10
Specimens with Barcodes: 10
Species With Barcodes: 1

Source:

License:

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

Rights Holder:

Barcode of Life Data Systems

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Malus cf. sylvestris

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Source:

License:

Rights Holder:

Barcode of Life Data Systems

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

Red List Category

Data Deficient

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2011

Assessor/s

Kik, C., Korpelainen, H., Vögel, R., Asdal, Å., Eliáš, P., Draper, D. & Magos Brehm, J.

Reviewer/s

Collett, L. & Nieto, A.

Contributor/s

Kell, S.P.

Justification

European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)
EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)

Although Malus sylvestris is relatively widely distributed in Europe, hybridization with cultivated M. domestica is thought to be having a significant impact on the population. It is not known to what extent the genetic diversity of the species has been affected; therefore, it is regionally assessed as Data Deficient.

Source:

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

Rights Holder:

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable

Source:

NatureServe

License:

Rights Holder:

NatureServe

NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

Source:

NatureServe

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

Rights Holder:

NatureServe

Trends

Population

Knowledge of the European subpopulation is available for the following countries:

Finland: infrequent.
Italy: not very common.
Slovakia: stable.
Germany: common but hybridized with cultivated plants.
Netherlands: before 1950 the species occurred in 124 hour-squares and after 1950 in 628 hour-squares (Mennema et al. 1985). Tamis et al. (2003) reported that the species occurs in 3,001–10,000 1x1 km grid squares.

Population Trend

Unknown

Source:

License:

Rights Holder:

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Threats

Major Threats

The main threats are hybridization with M. domestica and forest management, particularly as the species tends to grow in forest margins. As the plants mainly occur as isolated individuals, rather than as viable populations, they are susceptible to events.

Source:

License:

Rights Holder:

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Management

Conservation Actions

Knowledge of the national threat/conservation status of M. sylvestris is available for the following European countries:

Germany: Endangered; there is an ongoing rescue management project in place (R. Vögel pers. comm. 2010).
Finland: Vulnerable (H. Korpelainen pers. comm. 2010).
Denmark: Least Concern (Den Danske Rødliste 2010).
Netherlands: Least Concern (C. Kik pers. comm. 2010).
Germany: possibly threatened but no regional data on occurrences (R. Vögel pers. comm. 2010).

It is recommended that the monitoring and management of this species is incorporated into the existing management plans of the protected areas in which it occurs.

EURISCO reports 52 germplasm accessions of M. sylvestris held in European genebanks, only one of which is reported to be of wild or weedy origin and does not originate from within Europe (EURISCO Catalogue 2010). Germplasm collection and duplicated ex situ storage is a priority for this species.

Research is needed to determine the effect of hybridization with M. domestica on the genetic diversity of M. sylvestris.

Source:

License: