Juglans regia

Rights Holder:

Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings

Distribution

Localities documented in Tropicos sources

Juglans regia L.:
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Bolivia (South America)
China (Asia)
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

References:

Killeen, T. J., E. García Estigarribia & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 1993. Guia Arb. Bolivia 1–958. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia & Missouri Botanical Garden, La Paz.
Breedlove, D. E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Floríst. México 4: i–v, 1–246.
Hickman, J. C. 1993. Jepson Man.: Higher Pl. Calif. i–xvii, 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1999. Fl. China 4: 1–453. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
García-Mendoza, A. J. & J. Meave del Castillo. 2011. Divers. Florist. Oaxaca 1–351. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA

Distribution

Widely distributed in C, E, NW, and SW China [SW Asia to Himalayas, SE Europe]

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

Range Description

Although the species is widely distributed its natural distribution is restricted to central Asia.

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International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

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NatureServe

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NatureServe

Distribution

Distribution: C. America, SE. Europe, Caucasus, Syria, N. Iran, Afghanistan, W. Pakistan, Tibet, Nepal, W. China and Upper Burma.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

Deciduous tree up to 25 m tall. Young shoots tomentose. Leaves impa¬ripinnate, 17-40 cm long; leaflets 5-9, softly tomentose, opposite to sub-opposite, 7-20 cm long, 3-8 cm broad, ovate to elliptic-ovate, acute to acuminate, glab¬rescent to pubescent on nerves beneath; petiolule 2-4 mm long. Male catkins 6-12 cm long, lateral; bract c. 2 mm long; bracteoles 2, c. 3 nun long, ovate to obovate, pubescent; tepals 4, ovate, c. 2 mm long; stamens 10-20, subsessile; anthers 2 mm long, irregularly apiculate, basifixed, dehiscing longitudinally. Female flowers 1-3, terminal on short spikes; involucral tube of fused bract and bracteoles, c. 3.5 mm long, tomentose, glandular, obscurely 4-toothed and irregular at the margin; tepals 4, linear, 2.5-4 mm long, alternating with the teeth; margin sparsely pubescent; ovary c. 3.5 mm long, ovoid, inferior; style c. 2 mm long; stigmas 2, recurved, plumose to fimbriate, exserted. Drupe up to 5 cm long, ovoid to subglobose; epicarp green, glandular; endocarp 2-valved; seed 2 to 4-lobed at the base.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

Description

Trees to 25 m tall. Leaves 25-30 cm; petiole 5-7 cm; petiole and rachis glabrescent, without glandular hairs; leaflets (3 or)5-9, entire on mature trees, sometimes obscurely serrulate on young plants; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolule 1-2 mm, blade elliptic-ovate to long elliptic, 6-15 × 3-6 cm, abaxially glabrous except for tufts of hairs in vein axils, without glandular hairs, base oblique, subrounded, apex obtuse or acute to shortly acuminate; terminal petiolule 2.5-6 cm. Male spike 5-10(-15) cm. Stamens 6-30(-40). Fruiting spike usually with 1-3(-38) nuts. Nuts subglobose, 4-6 cm; husk glabrous, irregularly dehiscent; shell thick except in commercial varieties, wrinkled. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct. 2n = 32.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

Diagnostic Description

Synonym

Juglans duclouxiana Dode; J. fallax Dode; J. kamaonia (C. de Candolle) Dode; J. orientis Dode; J. regia var. sinensis C. de Candolle; J. sinensis (C. de Candolle) Dode.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

Habitat

Mountain slopes; 500-1800(-4000) m.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

Habitat and Ecology

Systems

Terrestrial

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BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK)

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International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Associations

Foodplant / gall
Aceria erinea causes gall of live leaf of Juglans regia

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / pathogen
Armillaria mellea s.l. infects and damages Juglans regia

Foodplant / shot hole causer
epiphyllous, almost entirely immersed pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta juglandis causes shot holes on leaf of Juglans regia

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Auricularia auricula-judae is saprobic on wood of Juglans regia

Foodplant / sap sucker
Callaphis juglandis sucks sap of Juglans regia

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Chalaropsis dematiaceous anamorph of Ceratocystis paradoxa is saprobic on husk of Juglans regia

Foodplant / sap sucker
Chromaphis juglandicola sucks sap of Juglans regia

Foodplant / saprobe
gregarious, covered, plurilocular, stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph of Cytospora juglandina is saprobic on dead twig of Juglans regia
Remarks: season: 5

Foodplant / saprobe
bracket of Daedaleopsis confragosa is saprobic on dead wood of Juglans regia
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
covered pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Diaporthe juglandina is saprobic on dead bark of Juglans regia
Remarks: season: 8

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, erumpent, conical, surrounded by laciniae, verruciform, paucilocellate, 1-2mm broad stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph of Fusicoccum juglandinum is saprobic on twig of Juglans regia

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Ganoderma applanatum parasitises live trunk of Juglans regia
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Inonotus hispidus parasitises live trunk of Juglans regia
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph of Melanomma pulvis-pyrius is saprobic on dry, hard, decorticate branch wood of Juglans regia
Remarks: season: 9-5

Foodplant / spot causer
hypophyllous, pulvinate, erumpent acervulus of Microstroma coelomycetous anamorph of Microstroma juglandis causes spots on live leaf of Juglans regia
Remarks: season: 7

Foodplant / pathogen
Tubercularia anamorph of Nectria cinnabarina infects and damages branch of Juglans regia
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Perenniporia fraxinea is saprobic on live trunk (base) of Juglans regia
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phanerochaete sordida is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Juglans regia
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked, clustered basidiocarp of Phleogena faginea is saprobic on dead, fallen trunk of Juglans regia
Remarks: season: 10-2

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BioImages

Cyclicity

Flower/Fruit

Fl. Per. February-April.

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Juglans regia

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Barcode of Life Data Systems

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Juglans regia

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 5
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Barcode of Life Data Systems

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

Red List Category

Near Threatened

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2007

Assessor/s

Participants of the FFI/IUCN SSC Central Asian regional tree Red Listing workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (11-13 July 2006)

Reviewer/s

Newton, A. & Eastwood, A. (Global Tree Red List Authority)

Justification

Although the species has become widely distributed through cultivation, its natural distribution is restricted to central Asia where it is threatened by fruit collection, livestock grazing and cutting.

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International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable

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NatureServe

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NatureServe

NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

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NatureServe

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NatureServe

Trends

Population

Population Trend

Decreasing

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International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Threats

Major Threats

It is threatened by fruit collection, livestock grazing and cutting.

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