Disease epidemic and a marine heat wave are associated with the continental-scale collapse of a pivotal predator (Pycnopodia helianthoides)

C. D. Harvell1, D. Montecino-Latorre2, J. M. Caldwell3, J. M. Burt4,5, K. Bosley6, A. Keller7,S. F. Heron8,9,10, A. K. Salomon4,5, L. Lee4,5, O. Pontier5, C. Pattengill-Semmens11, J. K. Gaydos12 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. 2One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. 3Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94040, USA. 4School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. 5Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0, Canada. 6Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2032 SE OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA. 7Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA. 8NOAA Coral Reef Watch, College Park, MD 20740, USA. 9ReefSense Pty Ltd., Townsville, Queensland, Australia. 10Marine Geophysical Laboratory, Physics, College of Science and Technology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. 11Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF), Key Largo, FL 33037, USA. 12The SeaDoc Society, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center–Orcas Island Office, University of California, Davis, 942 Deer Harbor Road, Eastsound, WA 98245, USA.